Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Year:2009 | Volume:27 | Issue:100|Papers Count:8

Background: Bipolar type I disorder is one of the common disorders in psychiatry. Relatives of such patients like other organic or mental diseases may encounter with major burden as well as decreasing of their quality of lives. In some cases, depression or anxiety may occur. Family psychoeducation programs should be conduct for relatives of patients with bipolar I disorder. These programs may decrease family burden and improve the quality of life.Methods: This was a clinical trial done among relatives of patients with bipolar type I disorder. Family burden questionnaire and quality of life questionnaire used for one of the key relatives at beginning of study, 3 months and 6 months later. Demographic data (age, gender, relation, and number of hours who they are together) was collected also. 48 patients with bipolar type I disorder were enrolled in this study. They randomly divided into 2 groups with 24 members. Family psychoeducation program were conducted among first group and second group without any intervention were followed as control group.Findings: There was no significant difference between tow groups in mean score of family burden at all 3 episodes of study; but mean score of quality of life was significantly higher in control group 6 months after intervention.Conclusion: Psychoeducational intervention is an effective factor in patient’s relatives, quality of life. This intervention could help to improve mental health among relatives of psychiatric patients.

Background: The infection after total hip arthroplasty is one of the major and catastrophic complications and often cause multiple procedures, heavy cost and life threatens and disability for the patient. In this study, we report our experience about infected total hip arthroplasty.Methods: In this study, among patients referred to Kashani hospital in Isfahan, Iran from 2001 to 2007, 659 patients that have been treated with total hip arthroplasty were enrolled in our study. Among this patients, 12 patients were infected in which, six were early postoperative, three were late chronic and 3 patients were acute hematogenous. Findings: In all of the patients, the primary treatment and debridment and antibiotic therapy were done. Finally, in ten cases, the infection was subsided and in two others, the Girldeston surgery was done.Conclusion: It seems that infection after total hip arthroplasty is not the end of work and with appropriate treatment the most of this infection are been treated.

Background: Mucormycosis is an acute fungal disease and opportunistic infection caused by Mucorals order which has a wide geographic distribution. The major predisposing factors for Mucormycosis are hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, Supraphysrologic dosis of adrenal Corticosteroids and Leukemia. Ferula assa- foetida is the gum resin obtained from the dried roots of this plant. It has antispasm and antimicrobial effects. It is used in the treatment of asthma and Sarcomas. Since it is antibacterial effects was proven and antifungal studies of this essential oil is very limited, so this study was aimed for this defect.Methods: In this study, we used broth microdilution method. Essential oil of the plants was extracted by means of clevenger apparatus and used on isolates in microplate wells and their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was calculated.Findings: The number of samples was twenty five. Seven isolates did not grow up to the dilution of 1/8th of essential oil, ten isolates up to 1/16th and eight isolates up to 1/32nd.Conclusion: Because of the nephrotoxicity effects of amphotericin B, the evaluation of in vivo antifungal activity of Ferula assa-foetida essential oil (Ferula assa-foetida essential oil has not nephrotoxicity effects), drug resistance and the effect of pH and temperature on activity of this essential oil, is recommended.

Background: The symptoms of conduct disorder and ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) have many overlaps. These two disorders are considered to be the two most common psychiatric disorders among school aged children. It is notable to consider that when ever one of these disorders is present as the primary disorder with clinical manifestations, the other is believed to co morbid and coexisted with the first disorder. The present study was designed to develop a standard scale for diagnosis and grading of these disorders in the elementary schools children. Methods: This study was performed on a sample of 800 male and female elementary school children, who were selected through a normalized cluster sampling procedure in Tehran. The scale was administered to the student via their teachers, as well as the relevant professionals and the obtained results were gathered for further analysis.Findings: Factor analysis showed that 3 factors, dysthymic, aggressiveness, and oppositional defiant, could be involved in conduct disorder rating scale and the 3 factors, lavk of attention, hyperactivity, and aggression could be involved in ADHD rating scale. These 6 factors explained 0.69 of total variance. The criteria validity coefficient for conduct disorder rating scale was 0.79, and for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder rating scale was 0.76. Cronbakh’s alpha coefficient, spilt half coefficient, and test-retest coefficient for conduct disorder rating scale was 0.95, 0.87, and 0.91, and for attrition deficit hyperactivity rating scale was 0.96, 0.82, and 0.92.Conclusion: Based on the obtained factors which were approved in their content by relevant professionals, and considering the validity and reliability of the scale, it seems that the scale is suitable enough to be considered as a screening instrument in the clinical and research contexts.

Background: To determine cutoff points of anthropometric variables for predicting incident cardiovascular disease in Iranian adults.Methods: In this cohort study, 1614 men and 2006 women, aged ≥40 years, participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline, were followed for the mean of 7.6 years. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and cardiovascular risks were assessed. Incident cardiovascular disease was ascertained. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for cardiovascular disease were calculated for one standard deviation (SD) change in all obesity variables using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used as the method of defining the optimal point if each variable as a predictor of cardiovascular disease. Findings: We found 333 cardiovascular disease events during follow up. The risk factor adjusted HRs were significant for all anthropometric variables in males and waist to hip ratio in females and were 1.19, 1.24, 1.21 and 1.24 for body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio and waist to height ratio in males and 1.27 for waist to hip ratio in females, respectively (all P<0.05). Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed the highest area under curve (AUC) for waist to hip ratio, waist to height ratio and waist circumference, followed by body mass index in males and both genders aged ≤60 years. In females, waist to hip ratio and waist to height ratio had the highest AUC, followed by waist circumference and body mass index. Among men and women >60 years, all the anthropometric variables showed same cardiovascular disease predicting power. The optimal cut off values for cardiovascular disease prediction in males and females aged ≤60 years were; body mass indices 26.95 and 29.84 kg/m2, waist circumferences 94.5 and 90.5 cm, waist to hip ratios 0.95 and 0.89, and waist to height ratio 0.55 and 0.60, respectively.Conclusion: There was no difference between central obesity variables in predicting cardiovascular disease in males, whereas in females waist to hip ratio and waist to height ratio were more appropriate. The cutoff values of anthropometric variables were higher in the Iranian than other Asian populations.

Background: Cartilage damaged by trauma or degenerative arthritis has a limited capacity for regeneration most likely because of its avascularity and low cellularity. In this study, adipose–derived stem cells were cultured in chondrogenic medium supplemented isolated from adipose tissue then were induced for chondrogenesis with BMP-6 in Pellet culture system.Methods: Human adipose tissues obtained from cesarean section and ADSCs were isolated and characterized by flowcytometry techniques for CD14, CD44, CD45, and CD90 markers. To induct of chondrogenesis ADSCs were cultured in Pellet culture for 21 days in chondrogenic medium supplemented with BMP-6. Resulted constructs were investigated by histological, immunohistochemical and RT-PCR methods. Findings: ADSCs were expressed CD44, CD90 and not CD14 or CD45. ADSCs chondrogenesis was occurred successfully. Stained-sections in H-E and alcian blue were showed chondrocytes in lacuna with sulfated proteoglycans extracellular matrix. Existence of collagen type-II and aggrecan was proved in constructs by immunohistochemical study. RT-PCR method was exhibited collagen type-II and aggrecan genes expression in differentiated cells. Conclusion: Human adipose-derived stem cells are excellent candidate for cartilage tissue engineering. In Pellet culture ADSCs in presence of BMP-6 were induced for chondrogenesis.

Background: S-layer protects bacteria to the phagocytosis and prohibits the entry of some biomolecules and adhesion molecules to the matrix proteins which increase the stability of infection and antibiotic resistance in virulence agents. Therefore the spread of bacteria which have S-layer in the hospitals should be avoided. Surfaces can serve as reservoirs of potential pathogen and is important in the chain of infection. Surfaces bacteria have low potential to spread, but staff hands have many contacts with hospital surfaces, especially with high contact surfaces. Therefore it could be a potential source of bacteria transmission from surfaces.Methods: This research was performed in the Al-zahra hospital of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (2005 to 2007). 274 samples were randomly selected (194 sample from surface and 80 sample from staff hand). Environmental samples collected, from high and low contact surface with swab in NB and staff hand. Samples were collected through finger print method and identification of bacteria, were performed with microbiological methods: staining, chemical test, use of differential and selective media. Isolated Bacillus cereus strains, performed with Bacillus cereus Selective Agar, for preparation samples, in first culture Bacteria in TSA, for 16h, then separated surface proteins and finally, specimen's electrophoresis proximally molecular weight marker. S-layer in Bacillus cereus has 97KD molecular weight.Findings: According to the results, the prevalence of Bacillus cereus strains was 9.49%. The prevalence of Bacillus cereus strains in environmental and staff hands were respectively 6.7% and 16.25%, and of 13 isolated Bacillus cereus from, staff hand 11 strain (84.6%) and from 13 isolated Bacillus cereus from environmental samples 1 strain (7.7%) production S-layer. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence Bacillus cereus in staff hands and hospital surfaces and frequency surface layer in Bacillus cereus isolated of staff hands into hospital surfaces.