Iranian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine
Year:2002 | Volume:7 | Issue:19|Papers Count:16

Objective: determining the incidence, seasonal trend, and pattern of antimicrobial resistance of Shigella in acute diarrhea patients in Karaj. Method: The study was performed on all acute diarrhea patients visited in hospitals and treatment centers of Karaj during a period of one year (2001-2). Result: A total of 734 samples from acute diarrhea patients were collected and analyzed for Shigella species during the 12 months of study, among which 123 (16.8%) yielded Shigella (7.5% flexneri, 5.2% sonnei, 2.6% dysenteriae, and 1.5% boydii). Among the Shigella isolates, 90.8% were resistant to one or more agents and 87.8% were multidrug resistant. The most common resistances were to tetracyclin 73.5%, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 70.4%. Resistance to cefixime, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and nalidixic acid were observed in 6.1%, 3.1%,2.0%, and 1.0% respectively. Conclusion: The High number of multidrug resistant isolates indicates that introduction of integrated guidelines for the Shigella, needed.

Even though Tb prevalence has been reducing from past up to now. How ever this disease one of the four most problem for developing societies. Difficulties in early and accurate diagnosis probably contributed to Tb pericarditis and may delay diagnosis and therapy or lead to antituberculous chemotherapy for idiopathic pericarditis. So in this report we studied patients in whom a diagnosis of Tb pericarditis was made by following Adenosin Deaminase activity and the other procedures. We now report our experience in a descriptive group of 60 case(37 men,23 women),aged 12 to 76 admitted to the hospital for acute pericardial disease.The diagnosis of Tb pericarditis was made by the following studies: Culture on L-j medium, Ziehlneelsen staining, measurement of ADA of pericardial fluid and biopsy of that.We resulted 26 cases with Tb pericarditis. The result of histology was with 100% specificity and 46% sensitivity. The staining was with 23% sensitivity and concluded that ADA the sensitivity of ADA was 100% and it's specifity was 77%. We test is a good screening test for Tb pericarditis.

Congenital syphilis is a major cause of disabilities. The kind and degree of disability depends on the time of bacterial entry into mother's wound. The incidence of syphilis has been steadidy in the rise specially in the developing countries in recent years. So, we decided to check the extent of syphilis infection with in the disabled community in Mazandaran province of Iran. The patients population were all handicapped and belonged to either of the three disability groups of trainable, educable, and isolated. Eight different disability centers at distinct location with in Mazandaran province were refered . 3-5 ml of peripheral blood was collected from each patient and initially screened for the presence of anti-treponema antibody with the RPR assay. The positive cases were re-screened for treponema Ab with the more accurate VDRL assay. The sera positive in both RPR& VDRL tests were additionally tested for the class of anti-treponema Ab present in the blood using the FTA-ABS test. Out of the 325 patients tested, 25 RPR- VDRL positive cases were detected. 20 of these 25 cases were positive in FTA-ABS test and thier Ab types were determined. Three patients had IgM Ab in thier blood and the rest (17 cases) carried anti-treponema IgG .

Back ground and objective: The Frequency of hepatitis C in dialyse Patients in Hamadan Ekbatan Hospital. Method: Through descriptive cross sectional study, we referred to dialyse ward of Ekbatan Hospital and the patient we gathered the informed of each patient on a asking form. The diagnostic criteria of Hepatitis C in this plan was the positive Anti HCV test by the ELISA method. Results: 11.4 percents of the statistical population were cases of hepatitis C and the unemployment were the highest percents of this statistical population and the businessman were the lowest in the consideration at employment. There was no relation between the duration dialysis and the prevalance of hepatitis C. Above 2/3 of the cases have transfusion history but there was no relation between the transfusion time and the prevalence of the hepatitis C but dental procedure and occupying had the two major risk Factors for occurring of hepatitis C.

Typhoid fever- is the most severe and dangerous Salmonella infection. The number from patients that recovery convert to constant or temporary carriers. In this study, the first 359 files of patients who suffered from typhoid fever during 6 years ( 1375 - 1380) were admitted in medical ward of Bam Imam Khomeini hospital were evaluated .There was no significant difference between patients related to gender. The most of patients were from rural point of city; and ciprofloxacin was common antibiotic drug for treatment of them. The after stage, randomly selected 62 above cases for determination of Salmonella typhi asymptomatic carriers. Then were collected 62 serum and fecal samples. The collected samples were cultured on a suitable media like, S-S agar and eventually the bacterial were identified by antiserum method, serum sample were tested by widal test for anti 0, anti H and anti Vi antibodies. None of stool cultures were positive for Salmonella typhi .However serological result indicated that 3 persons (4/8%) had anti Vi Ab with titers ranged from 1:20 to 1:80. This persons were considered as asymptomatic carriers, one person (1/6%) had anti 0 Ab with titer 1:40 and 11 persons (17/7%) had anti H Ab with titers ranged from 1:40 to 1:320. Positive cases Vi were two female and one male and living in rural.

Isoniazid (INH) as the most important first order antituberculosis medication, should be present in all treatment regimens. Peripheral neuropathy (PNP) due to disturbance of pyridoxine metabolism is one of the most common side effects of this drug. In our study, 70 cases with active tuberculosis (Pulmonary & extrapulmonary ) at least for 2 months on isoniazid without other risk factors for PNP were selected. Non of them were receiving pyridoxine supplement. They were 32 women and 38 men between 12- 67 years old. Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and amplitude were measured in median and tibial motor nerves, also in ulnar and sural sensory nerves.Total incidence of PNP was 27 % and the most commonly involved nerves (in decreasing order) were sural 22. 8 % , ulnar 20% , tibial 17. 1% and median 5.7%. Therefore INH- Induced PNP is predominantly sensory and involves lower extremities more than upper ones. Axonal damage was the most common cause of PNP. 73. 6% of patients had involvement of more than one nerve. Only 15% of patients were symptomatic that indicates delayed appearance of clinical, compared to electrophysiological findings.

Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the most important liver diseases that once chronic, it may proceed to cirrhosis. Recently, number of mutations in the S and core regions of HBV have been detected specially in cases of HBs-Ag negative but HBe-Ag positive and patients undergoing liver transplantation. This study aimed to investigate probability of the occurrence of mutations in the s and core regions on 117 patients with cirrhosis who hospitalized in Tehran during 1997. Serological studies showed that %51 .3 and %83.7 of patients were carriers for HBs-Ag and HBV markers(HBs-Ag or anti-HlBc) respectively. Moreover, 8% of the patients found to be positive for antiHCV while 13.7 % of them showed to suffer from co-infection with both HBV and HCV Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect S mutation on sera already appeard serologicallv negative for HBs-Ag. However, no band was visualized, indicating that none of them were harboring the virus. PCR method was also performed on HB s-Ag positive sera to detect HBV-DNA. In this case, 66.7% of samples showed strikingly visualised bands. The comparison of results between HB s-Ag and PCR suggested that 47.5 % of HBs-Ag positive patients without e-Ag had an e minus mutation in the region of precore gene.

The louse as an external bloodthirsty parasite of human beings has been known since long ago, however, its function as the carrier of some of the diseases such as Typhus relapsing fever and other fevers has been seriously considered just around the late 20 century .Although louse contamination can be observed among all age groups, it is more prevalent among children, especially those in primary school. In this cross- sectional study the main goal is to investigate prevalence and the reasons of the origination of this head louse contamination among the primary students in Bandar Abbas during the years 99 till 2000 .In this study 3249 students of both sexes selected by random sampling mutiplestage . Data was gathered by means of questionnaires and hair examination among 3249 students of both sexes by means of questionnaires and hair examinations. The result showed that 12.27% of the populations were contaminated by the louse and the average amount of louse contamination among girls and boys was 20.29 and 1.77 percent respectively. There was a meaningful relationship between louse contamination and the number of family members the level of parent education, parent job, sex, age, length of hair, ( P = 0.000 ) . But there was no meaningful relationship between the louse contamination and lack of bathing facilities at home and having school health nurse or not having school health nurse. Considering the prevalence of infection among the female, it is suggested that the parent and teachers should receive training about the danger of infection and its spread in family and school for preventing the spread of infection and also for reducing the costs of its treatment.