Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
Year:2004 | Volume:6 | Issue:1|Papers Count:12

Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to detect the dominant serotypes of salmonellae in children and to find the antibiotic susceptibility and R-factor transmissibility among isolated salmonellae. Method: This study was conducted on 400 diarrheic stool samples collected from children in Ayatollah Kashany hospital of Shahrekord, during spring of 1999to autumn of2000.Results: After isolation and identification of salmonellae, seven serotypes were detected. One of them was S. typhi and other the six serotypes were S. paratyphi B. Then biogram test was performed by disk diffusion method. Best Results were taken from ceftizoxim, cephtriaxon, cephazolin and chloramphenicol. The R-factor had been transferred from isolated salmonellaeto penicillin and ampicillin.Conclusion: Results substantiate that unnecessary usage of antibiotics, which is the main cause of drug resistance, should be prevented.

Background and Aim: The induction of cancer appears to be the most important effect of low-dose ionizing radiation occurring in an exposed population. The major cancers induced by whole-body radiation exposure are the breasts in women, thyroid, lung, skin cancers and leukemia. In developing countries 94% of the human radiation is from the natural sources. In Iran some high altitude regions such as Chaharmahal & Bakhtiary has a high level of the natural background radiation (higher than the worlds average). For this reason, investigation of the incidence of cancer, relevant to the radiation is very important in this province which is the aim of this study.Method: In this study 751 cases suffering from malignant cancer (based on ICD1o) were investigated during a 5-year period (from 1998to 2002). Three hundred sixty-two cases suffering from skin, breast, lung, thyroid cancers or leukemia were selected. All data was obtained from health centers and pathological sections of relevant hospitals. Chi-squaretest was used for data analysis.Results: The prevalence of skin, breast, thyroid and lung cancers and leukemia as compared with total recorded cancers were about 20.5%, 7.5%, 2.6%, 1.1% and 16.2%,respectively. From all studied cases, 48.3% were male and 51.7% were female. There was significance relationship between sex and the cancer type (p<0.05). The mean age of patients with skin, breast, thyroid and lung cancers and leukemia were found to be 62.98, 51.14, 44. 6, 60.89 and 33.8 years, respectively. The total radiation induced cancer risk was greater for women than for men.Conclusion: The prevalence of skin, thyroid cancers and leukemia in this province was more than the other areas of Iran due to the high levels of the natural background radiation in this province.

Background and Aim: In this study the effect of chronic psychical stress on the serum glucose level (SGL), serum cortisol level (SCL) and body weight were investigated to determine the possible causal link between psychical stress and diabetes mellitus.Methods: This experiments were investigated in 56 nondiabetic and Wistar male rats (200-250gr) divided to seven groups (n=8). Water immersion stress was used as chronic psychical stress one minute evrey hour for 4 hours everyday for a period of 14 days. After the experiment, a blood sample was collected. The serum glucose level was measured by the glucose oxidase method, and serum cortisol level was measured by radioimmunoassay method. Difference in body weight was also calculated.Results: Our results showed that: 1) Although this chronic psychical stress caused a significant increase in SGL (about 22%), in stressed nondiabetic rats (p<0.01), did not cause diabetes mellitus (DM). It seems that this kind of stress induced a prediabetic condition in nondiabetic rats and exacerbated the disease in the diabetic rats. 2) Increase of SGL in stressed nondiabetic (about 22%) and stressed diabetic (about 16.4%)rats was approximately similar (p<0.01).3)SCL showed no significant increase in repeated chronic stress. 4)Increase of SCL (about 39.3%) in diabetes mellitus was significant (p<0.05). 5)This kind of stress increased SCL approximatly similar in stressed nondiabetic (about 12.7%)and stressed diabetic (about 8.9%) rats. 6)Effect of diabetes mellitus in comparison with stress on the SCL (about 23.6%) was much higher than that of the psychical stress (p<0.05), in other words DM is a strong stressor for physiological systems of the body. 7)This psychical stress caused a significant decrease of body weight in nondiabetic (about 37.42%) and diabetic (about 2.94 fold) rats. 8) Effect of diabetes on weight loss was much higher than that of psychical stress (p<0.01).9) Stress caused a much higher weight loss in diabetic rats than in nondiabetic rats (p<0.01) indicating the additive effects of stress and diabetes on changes of weight, probably stress changes hormonal secretion (such as GH) in diabetic and nondiabetic rats.Conclusion: Chronic psychical stress induced hyperglycemic and a prediabetic condition and did not cause diabetes mellitus. In the other hand, diabetes increased serum cortisol level that this effect was much higher than that of the psychical stress. In addition effect of diabetes on weight loss was much higher than that of psychical stress .In the end stress caused a much higher weight loss in diabetic rats than in nondiabetic rats.

Background and Aim: Diarrhea still is one of the major health problems in many parts of the world. In developing countries Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of severe disease in children and it is the most frequent cause of traveler's diarrhea. Diarrhea caused by ETEC is dependent on its colonization in the small intestine, thus reducing its colonization can potentially reduce the disease. Probiotics are microorganisms (bacteria and yeasts) that have beneficial effects on the health of the host when ingested. The purpose of this study was to use the Lactobacillus casei as a probiotic organism for reducing the shedding and colonization of ETEC in the Balb/c mouse intestine.Method: The mice allocated into either a probiotic-treatedgroup or a control group. The treated group were given probiotic (1x 108 cfu) for either 3 or 6 days, and the control group were not given any probiotic.Seventy-two hours after the last oral administration of probiotic, the test and control mice were challenged with ETEC (1 x 108 cfu). Frequency of shedding was evaluated by colony counting of fecal samples.Results: The results indicated that mice given probiotic for 3 or 6 days had a significant reduction in the trequency of ETEC shedding (p<0.00l) compared to the control group.Conclusion: The findings suggests the Lactobacillus casei as a possible candidate for a probiotic against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

Pregnancy in a noncommunicating rudimentary uterine horn frequently results in rupture. Uterine rupture usually causes a massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage, necessitating emergency operative intervention to control bleeding.This article is a report of an unusual pregnant patient who had severe nephrotic syndrome with an anomaly in uterus and asymptomatic rupture of a rudimentary horn. Also gestational age at the time of the occurrence of the rupture was more than other cases that have been reported.

Background and Aim: Prior to 1940 the commonly used insect repellent materials were substances such as citronella oil, clove oil and camphor.The outbreak of the world war 11and the need for conducting operations in many tropical areas led to an exhaustive investigation and consequently making many effective insect repellents. Among the best known substances was dimethyl phthalate. The aim of this study was to synthesize of dimethyl phthalate as a drug formulation.Method: Reaction of phthalic anhydride with absolute methanol in catalytic amount of concentrated H2S04 produced dimethyl phthalate. This compound was formulated as a hydroalcoholic lotion and as a gel.Several gel and lotions with suitable stability were formulated.Results: Dimethyl phthalate was synthesizedwith 96% yield its viscosity was suitable.Conclusion: It is possible to synthesize dimethyl phthalate from low-cost materials and formulate it to pharmaceutical preparations (e.g. Lotion or Creams), in our country.

Background and Aim: Bum injuries still produce a significant morbidity and mortality in Iran and other countries. This cross-sectional study was carried out to find the epidemiology of bum patients admitted to Birjand Emam Reza Hospital bum unit.Method: Medical records of 342 patients were assessed for demographic and bum characteristic data.Results: The results indicated that the 13.7% of the patients were hospitalized with a mean age of 23.1 years, and 55.6% of them were men. The mean BBS (Body Bum Surface) and mortality rates were higher in females. Most of the bum injuries were caused by domestic accidents (83.9%). Self-inflicted bums were higher in females (63.9%) and in 10-30 years old patients. There was significant correlation between mortality rate and age groups, gender, as well as BBS (p<0.00l).Among the prognostic factors in our study, self-inflicting (O.R:12.2608; CI:4.2600-35.2884) and BBS more than 40% (O.R:31.6546; Cl: 13.7134- 73.0682) were identified as strong predisposing to death.Conclusion: Regarding to high-risk groups (children and young adults), prognostic factors and high mortality rate (%29.8) in bum patients, implementation of public educational programs for prevention and continuous education for care provider teams are essential

Background and Aim: Uremic neuropathy is one of the most common complications of chronic renal failure. Autonomic neuropathy occurs in addition to peripheral somatic system involvement. Sympathetic skin response (SSR) is a simple noninvasive test for evaluation of skin's eccrine sweat glands activity in response to sympathetic stimulation. The aim of this study was determination of autonomic system disorders in renal failure patients.Method: In this study SSR test was performed on 31 patients with chronic renal failure on regular hemodialysis and 35 normal controls.Results: SSR was absent in 12 patients (38.7%) and abnormal in 23 patients (74%). No good correlation was found between abnormal SSR and clinical dysautonomic symptoms, but it seems that SSR becomes abnormal long before appearance of clinical dysautonomic symptoms in chronic renal failure. Age, Sex, duration of hemodialysis and duration of history of renal failure had no effect on SSR, but SSR seems to be affected by high weekly frequency of hemodialysis.Conclusion: Concluded that in chronic renal failure peripheral sympathetic system involvement is common and adequate dialysis has effect on its progression.

Background and Aim: Association between gastro esophageal reflux (GER) and respiratory diseases has been known for a longtime. There are few epidemiological studies on general population in the world, and little is known about a possible association between respiratory symptoms and reflux in Iran.Method: A sample of 5492 adults (more than 20 years old) was randomly selected for the study, from them 4762 subjects agreed to take part (86.7%). The medical students interviewed all of the subjects.Results: The prevalence of monthly reflux symptoms and active asthma were 25.5% and 6.7%, respectively. The correlation between reflux and asthma had a confidence interval of (2.60-3.43) and an odds ratio of 2.99. The correlation between chronic bronchitis and reflux had a confidence interval of (1.43-2.58) and an odds ratio of 1.92.Conclusion: These findings indicates that epigastric pain in many asthmatic and chronic bronchitis patients may be due to reflux.

Background and Aim: The high prevalence of cesarean section has become a worldwide problem, nowadays. As a first step for decreasing cesarean rate, we have studied its prevalence and its reasons in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiary province.Method: Patients who had cesarean sections in the hospitals of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiary province were included in this study. The data including: patients characteristics and the reasons of cesarean sections, were collected, (from the patients records) and analyzed.Results: The frequency of cesarean sections included 44% of deliveries (74% urgent, 26% elective). Prevalence of cesarean in hospitals was as follows: Shahrekord (46%), Tamin-e-Ejtemaee (60%), Borujen (39%), Farsan (39%) and Lordegan (28%). In global, patients aged 20-25 years had, 41% and 26-30 years, 29%. Patients having a job 9% and housewives 91%. Primigravida 43.5%, 30-35, 15%,below 20,9% and over 35, 6%, second pregnancy, 25% and multipara, 31.5% cesarean section. The most prevalent causes of urgent cesarean were fetal distress (30.2%), previous cesarean (43.4%) pelvic contracture (20%), high-risk pregnancy (4.7%) and non-cephalic presentation (6%).Conclusion: The rate of cesarean section in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiary province is high. It seems if the clinicians record the reasons of cesarean section scientifically, employ painless methods of delivery and improve the quality of labour departments. The rate of cesarean section may decrease