Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Year:2006 | Volume:13 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

Introduction: Mammalian embryos as well as oocytes are prone to various doses of visible light during manipulations in laboratory. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of visible light on the development of mouse 2-cell embryos.Method: Non-pregnant female NMRI mice were super-ovulated with i.p. injection of 7.5 iu PMSG followed 48 hours later with 10 iu hCG. Forty eight hours after mating, the uterine tubes were removed and 2-cell embryos were transferred into HTF medium by flushing method. Morphologically normal embryos were collected and exposed to 1600 Lux light for 30 minutes. Every 10 minutes a number of embryos were allocated into either HTF or MEM-α medium. Treated embryos as well as controls were incubated at 37°C with 5% CO2 in air. Developmental stage of embryos was recorded every 24 hours for 5 days. Experiments were replicated 8 times and data were analyzed with χ2 test.Results: In the treatment group, the development of embryos that underwent 30 min. exposure to visible light was significantly lower (27% and 21% in HTF and MEM-α media respectively) compared with control group (49% and 52% in HTF and MEM-α media respectively). Development of embryos that underwent 10 and 20 min exposure to visible light was lower than controls but the difference was not statistically significant. Percentage of development in HTF and MEM-α was nearly identical. Conclusion: It can be concluded that mouse 2-cell embryos are not able to withstand the deleterious effects of visible light when the time of exposure exceeds 20 min. However, lower doses of visible light may be tolerated particularly when simple media such as HTF are used.

Introduction: A favorable endometrium is the essential requirement for implantation. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of endometrial power Doppler ultrasonographic parameters in predicting the success of implantation in patients undergoing IVF and ICSI cycles.Methods: Seventy three patients aged<38 years with basal serum FSH level<12 , who had  not more than two failed attempts of ART cycles and  whose uteri were morphologically normal based on ultrasound and had at least two good quality embryos for transfer to their uterus, were studied. Ultrasound evaluation was performed by a single expert on the day of embyo transfer. Then pregnant and nonpregnant groups were compared for ultrasonographic parameters of endometrium by utilization of SPSS software. Results: conception occurred in 28 patients. No significant difference was found between pregnant and nonpregnant groups regarding demographic, hormonal and cycle characteristics. Embryonic parameters were comparable between the two groups. On the other hand none of the ultrasonographic parameters differed significantly in the two groups.Conclusion: Doppler ultrasonographic parameters of endometrium on the day of embryo transfer can not be considered as adequate criteria in predicting the success rate of implantation.

Introduction: Kerman province was one of the Iran regions with endemic goiter. Following initiation of the program of iodine deficiency control in 1989, production, distribution and consumption of iodized salt were begun. This study was done in 2001, as part of the national monitoring survey, in Kerman.Method: In this study, 1200 schoolchildren, aged 7-10 years (600 boys & 600 girls), were selected randomly from all regions of Kerman and the grade of goiter was determined according to WHO classification. Urinary iodine content was estimated using the digestion method in one tenth of the subjects.Results: Total goiter rate was 31.6% (28% in girls and 35.2% in boys). Median urinary iodine was 15.8 µg/dl. Urinary iodine was above 10 g/dl in 78.6% and less than 5 µg/dl in 4.5% of the subjects and no one had urinary iodine below 2 µg/dl.Conclusion: It is concluded that the rate of goiter in Kerman has decreased significantly since 1996 and urinary iodine levels in schoolchildren are indicative of adequate iodine intake. Therefore, Kerman province can be considered as a “iodine deficiency free” zone.

Introduction: This study was carried out to compare two retrograde filling materials entitled mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Root MTA (RMTA) in regard to their marginal adaptation and surface defects.Method: In this study twenty extracted human teeth were used. In all teeth after cleaning and shaping, the root canals were obturated by gutta-percha and root canal sealer. After that in each tooth the 3 millimeter of root end was resected and a retrograde cavity was prepared. Then, the teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups. In group I the retrograde cavities were filled by MTA and in group II the cavities were filled by RMTA. Then using Confocal-microscope and stereomicroscope the location of the gaps between filling material and cavity walls was determined and measured by AutoCAD and Photoshop soft wares. Finally the obtained data were analyzed by one sided Fisher’s exact test.Results: There was a significant difference in marginal adaptation between two types of MTA (p<0.029). Only one tooth, in MTA group showed gap between cavity walls and root-end filling material, however, 60% of the teeth in RMTA group showed gap in their margins. In regard to surface defect there was a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.016). In MTA group 50% of the cases showed a defect on their surface, while in the RMTA group except one case, none of the cavities showed surface defect.Conclusion: It can be concluded that MTA has better marginal adaptation than RMTA.

Introduction: N- nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), one of the L-arginine analogs, has been specified as an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS).Nitric oxide synthase is an enzyme which leads to nitric oxide synthesis. Since nitric oxide has been known as a pain mediator, it can be said that L-NAME can decrease and relieve pain. In this research the effect of L-NAME on morphine antinociception and the interaction between these two drugs were studied by using formalin test in rat.Methods: Experiments were done on 70 male-wistar rats weighing 180-230gr. Rats were divided into seven groups (n =10) including: the control group, the saline group(sham), the experimental group receiving 2mg/kg of morphine, and the experimental groups receiving 15, 20, 40mg/kg L-NAME and morphine (2mg/Rat), and the group receiving 40 mg/kg of L-NAME. Injections were performed intraperitoneally fifteen minutes before starting formalin test. In sham group, an equal volume of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally. The minutes (0-5) and (16-60) were respectively considered as acute and chronic phases of pain in the formalin test.  After observing animals’ behavioral responses and calculating pain scores, groups were compared.Results: According to the obtained results, L-NAME caused a significant nociception decrease in both phases of formalin test and this effect was dose dependent. Moreover groups that received the combination of morphine and L-NAME showed more nocieception, especially in chronic phase of formalin test, in comparison to the groups that received each in isolatin and control groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to the results, L-NAME and morphine act synergistically. In other words, L-NAME with nitric oxide inhibitor decreases intracell signal activities of cGMP and CAMP and consequently protein Kinase A (PKA) activity related to cAMP is decreased. This leads to an increase in the releasing of neurotransmitters related to PKA, and consequently morphine antinociceptive effect is amplified.

Introduction: In this study, the effects of black tea extract of Iranian tea plant (Camellia sinensis var sinensis) and its polyphenolic pigment thearubigins were investigated on mice intestinal transit time.Method: Thearubigins were isolated by liquid-liquid fraction method. The effects of black tea extract and isolated thearubigins on intestinal propulsion were measured by charcoal propulsion test.Results: According to the obtained results, black tea extract increases intestinal motility and consequently reduces transit time in a concentration dependent manner (P<0.01). Thearubigins, also, increase intestinal motility and decrease transit time dose dependently (P<0.01).Conclusion: Based upon these results, Iranian black tea extract and its major polyphenolic pigment, thearubigins, could be useful in the treatment of some gastrointestinal motility disorders.

Introduction: Child abuse is one of the main problems of our community and it includes all aspects of physical, emotional and sexual abuses. This descriptive study was aimed to determine the prevalence rate of child abuse (physical, emotional, and neglect) in Bam city (Kerman/Iran).Methods: In this study, 562 high school students were selected by multistage sampling. Data were gathered by using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistics.Results: According to the findings, 20.02% of the students suffered from physical abuse, 24.59% suffered from neglect and 33.16% suffered from emotional abuse. The prevalence of physical abuse in families with housewife mother, addict father and history of divorce was significantly more than other groups (p<0.05). Neglect was lower in students whose mothers had high school education or more. Physical and emotional abuses also were lower in subjects whose parents had high school education or more (p<0.05). Physical abuse and neglect were mostly from paternal side, while emotional abuse was mostly from maternal side.Conclusion: Mental health care centers can use the results of this study in order to have more effective family counseling with parents and make them more familiar with various needs of children based on their age.

Introduction: Based on previous studies, exercise has an important role on the reduction of anxiety. Considering high rate of anxiety in youths and its negative effects on educational progress the present study was designed to investigate the effects of aerobic and non-aerobic exercises on the anxiety reduction.Method: Sixty anxious students in zarand Azad University were randomly divided into three groups: 1.aerobic exercise, 2. non-aerobic exercise, and 3. control group. All participants were assessed for anxiety by symptom check list- 90- revised (SCL90-R) and subjective unit of distress scale (SUDS) before and after eight weeks intervention. The anxiety scores before and after intervention was compared in three groups using repeated ANOVA, and paired t-test.Results: In contrast to control group, anxiety scores in both aerobic and non-aerobic groups decreased significantly. However, there was not any significant difference between aerobic and non-aerobic groups in znxiety decrease.Conclusion: Based on these findings, exercise can be considered as an effective and safe method to reduce anxiety, and as both aerobic and non-aerobic exercises are effective in reducing anxiety one can choose the type of exercise based on his/her personal desire and body strength.