Hormozgan Medical Journal
Year:2010 | Volume:14 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

Family planning is programming about future of reproductive reproduction. The main aim of this research was to compare the efficacy of family planning education by individual education in residential place and by health system education.In This quazi-experimental study, 120 married women who did not use any contraceptive for purpose of family planning, don’t have intend to be pregnant, were randomly selected from 4 health centers. The women were randomly divided to two case and control groups. In case group, the instructor consulted vulnerable women for using family planning, by referring to their home, but the control group did not receive any formal consultation by health center personal. They just receive written materials for self-education. Content of instruction and instructor in all samples were similar. Three to sex months after the latter education, their practice were recorded in a predesigned questionnaire and analyzed. Results showed that in case group %50 and %46.6 of samples, 3 months and 6 months after education used contraceptive methods. While in control group, %5 and %15 of samples 3 months and 6 months after the program used contraceptive methods, and these differences were significant (P<0.001). It seems that formal individual education is more effective in family planning.

Introduction: Hormozgan province is the second most important foci of scorpion stinging specially by Hemiscorpius lepturus. Currently chemical control is the most efficient way and susceptibility level of important vectors should be chequed to find their resistance to some chemicals. Our aim was to investigate on the susceptibility or resistance of the most dangerous scorpions of Hormozgan province to the WHO recommended insecticides.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 843 specimens of Scorpio were captured. Susceptibility tests were achieved using the method of Cockroaches, susceptibility. Each dose of insecticides was tested in two replicates and killing dose of each specimen was calculated.Results: Killing dose of Cypermethrin (EC 2.5%) was 0.001 ml/cm2 for Mesobuthus eupeus, H. lepturus and Odontobuthus doriae and was 0.009 ml/cm2 for Androctonus crassicauda. That dose was calculated as 0.001 and 0.0003 ml/cm2 for M. eupeus and H. lepturus, respectively, for Deltamethrin (EC 2.5 %). All species were killed at dose of 0.39 mg/cm2 for Carbaryl (WP 85%). None of Lindane doses (WP 25%) could make 100% mortality in all species. Mortal dose of Malathion (EC 57%) was 1.029 ml/cm2 for A. crassicauda and H. lepturus and 0.284 ml/cm2, and 0.515 ml/cm2 for M. eupeus and O. doriae, respectively.Conclusion: The studied scorpion species were susceptible to the Pyrethroids. These insecticides can be used in an “Integrated Vector Management” program to control Malaria and scorpions. These species probably are resistance to Malathion and Lindane.

Introduction: Students are susceptible to mental health and psychological problems in different situations. The purpose of this study was to use a participatory-educational intervention for enhancement of self-esteem and psychological well-being of the students of Gonabad and Birjand medical sciences universities.Methods: This experimental study was based on Precede model in which 154 university students were randomly selected for the case and control groups. The data were collected by GHQ_28, Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, enabling, predisposing and reinforcement factors questionnaires. The skill training program was used based on focus group discussion method in the sub-group of 12 participants. Then planned and implemented program was evaluated in the groups. The data were analysed using SPSS software.Results: The results showed that there are significant differences between predisposing, enabling and reinforcement factors, self-esteem and psychological well-being variables before and after intervention. Moreover, after intervention, differences in psychological well-being (P<0.0001), self-esteem (P<0.001), predisposing factors (P<0.01), enabling and reinforcement factors (P<0.02) in case a and control groups, were significant. Conclusion: The study showed that skill training based on Precede Model can enhance self-esteem and psychological well-being and leads to empowerment and participation.

Introduction: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) can get a considerable impact on patients’ quality of life. Path analysis is an exact statistical method for determining the best causative model of variables. So, the aim of this paper is application of regression based path analysis for introduction of the best model of RA quality of life determinants, using Precede Model constructs. Methods: This analytic study was carried out on non-probability sample of 181 outpatients with RA, referred to a rheumatology clinic in the city of Yazd in Iran. Appropriate instruments included questions regarding Precede model constructs were used to measure the variables. Data were analysed using regression based path analysis method by means of SPSS software. Results: Health status and enabling factors had a direct effect on quality of life within which health status had the most powerful effect. Self-care behaviors, predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors had an indirect effect on quality of life through health status. After health status, self-care behaviors are the second powerful predictor of quality of life in RA patients and then enabling factors is the third one. Conclusion: Precede model could be used as an conceptual framework for designing and implementing educational intervention programs to promote quality of life in RA patients. Enabling factors were found as the most powerful factors in the educational and ecological diagnostic stage of predictors of quality of life in RA patients and need to be considered carefully, while designing intervention programs.

Introduction: Objective of present study was assessing the competence of self efficacy to development of theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and comparison with original version by path analysis for substance abuse prevention among adolescents. Methods: In this analytic study, 433 randomly selected adolescents (range of age 15–19) from Tehran participated in study. The study design was based on the theory of Reasoned Action and other self efficacy methods. Validity and reliability of the study questionnaire was assessed. Then the collected data were analyzed by using path analysis method.Results: The results indicated that the reasoned action developed by self efficacy, has a better fitness (RMSEA=0.043 – df /c2=1.77– P-value=0.1829) compare to the original (RMSEA=0.128 – df / c2 =7.96 – P-value=0.00479) in path analysis. In this study self efficacy become effective construct for fitness of model and powerful predictors for intention (b=0.35) and behavior (b=0.20). The model covered 36% of intention variance and 28% of behavior variance.Conclusion: The reasoned action was developed by self efficacy and increased its prediction.

Introduction: Despite conventional views that pain is unavoidable during delivery and should be suffered; today pain relief is introduced as new idea. Our aim was to evaluate acupressure effect at SP6 point on labor pain intensity and women delivery type. Methods: A single blind, clinical trial was undertaken to evaluation acupressure effect at point of SP6 on pain intensity, labor duration and women delivery type. The subjects were 131 pregnant women in their term pregnancy and labor condition that were randomly divided to experimental group of pressure on SP6 point (41 women), and control groups of SP6 touch (41women ) and common care (49 women). Data then were analysed by means of SPSS and using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and non-parametric Test. Results: Average modified difference of labor pain intensity had statistically significant decrease within 2 minutes after intervention among the three studied groups (P<0.001) but there was no statistically significant difference in stages 30 minutes after intervention and 30 minutes after the end of intervention. There was also no difference between the three groups in delivery type.Conclusion: Findings show that applying pressure on SP6 is effective 2 minutes after intervention. It could be an effective supplementary method to decrease pain intensity.

Introduction: Pneumonia is one of the major causes of mortality in acute respiratory infections of children. Most of death cases due to pneumonia among children occurred several days after clinical manifestation which is due to delay of remedy or indiscrimination. Our aim, in this study, is evaluation of epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory factors of hospitalized children with pneumonia. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated all hospitalized patients with diagnosis of pneumonia, aged 1 month to 12 years in pediatrics ward of Ali ebn-e Abitaleb (AS) Hospital of Zahedan, Iran, during 2005 to 2008. The diagnosis of pneumonia was based on physical examination, laboratory findings and chest radiography. Analysis was done by SPSS ver.15 software.Results: Of 300 evaluated patients, 177 patients (59%) were male and 123(41%) were female. The mean age was 27.39 month. Age in boys was less than girls, but the mean age of boys have no significant difference with girls. Rate of Bacterial pneumonia was 30% and viral was 70%. The blood culture was positive in 11.11% of the cases. The most common bacteria were negative coagolase staphylococcus (8 cases) and streptococcus pneumonia (5 cases). The most common underlying conditions were failure to thrive (FTT) and congenital heart disease (CHD). The mortality rate of pneumonia in this study was 1%.Conclusion: Based on the results of our study, the most common pathogen of pneumonia in children was staphylococcus and streptococcus pneumonia. High frequency of FTT in our study can be due to low socio-economic status of families and inattention to contraceptive methods.

Introduction: One of the most important environmental issues is solid waste produced in health-care centers with hazardous agents. The aim of this survey is quality analysis and management of Health-care waste in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 29 medical offices, 29 dentistry offices, 19 clinics and 8 health centers were selected. Overall 340 samples (four from each location) were analyzed. Sampling was achieved in summer and winter. Samples were manually sorted into different four categories and measured using laboratory scale.Results: Total annual waste produced in Bandar Abbas health-care centers was 46689.91 Kg. Clinics produce higher rate of medical wastes and health stations produce lower rate. Higher and lower rates in amount were potentially infectious domestic type wastes, and sharp wastes, respectively.Conclusion: Respect to higher rate of potentially infectious domestic type wastes, we suggest waste collection management and separation of wastes in the centers.

Introduction: The presence of cockroaches has health implications, such as nosocomial infection, as the insects move freely from areas within and around hospitals that may harbor pathogenic organisms. The aims of the present study were to detect cockroach species and bacterial infection transmitted by their surface and their digestive system. Methods: In this study we caught 250 cockroaches from hospital of Hamedan. We hunt them with hand, glass trap and sticky trap. Then they have been carried to bacteriology lab. After anesthesia and washing in 2cc physiology serum, their gut has been expelled from oral to anal and cultured. In this study we used E.M.B, T.S.I, DNAase, B.A, SF,SS, ONPG, MR, SIM, Mnitol sult agar, Lysin, Simmon citrate and Urea as bacterial culture methods. Results: In this study we recognized 4 species of cockroaches from hospitals of Hamedan: Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta australasiae, Blatta orientalis Blatella germanica. The most frequent one was Periplaneta americana, (88%) and just 0.8% were Blatta orientalis (the least frequency). 23 species of bacteria recognized from surface and digestive system or cockroaches. In surface of them, Escherichia coli had 26.5% (the most frequency) and Edward siella had 0.4% (the least frequency). In digestive system E.coli had 30.8% (the most frequency) and Morganella morgani had 0.8% (the least percent). Conclusion: Tour study determined that cockroaches play as potential vectors of medically important microorganisms such as pathogenic bacteria in hospital environments. Integrated management of cockroach populations should be carried out into the disease prevention and control programs in hospitals.

Introduction: Ischemic Preconditioning (IPC) is the phenomen that happens on the heart by one or several short periods of ischemia followed by reperfusion that improve the postischemic recovery of mechanical function. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) may protect the heart from ischemia reperfusion injury by nitric oxide formation. This study investigated the effect of ischemic preconditioning on heart and the relationship between nitric oxide.Methods: 28 male Sprague dawley rats (200-250 g) in Tehran University of Medical Sciences were used. Rats were anesthetized and hearts were rapidly isolated and perfused in the Langendorff mode at a constant perfusion pressure and temperature of 37°C. hearts were divided to 4 groups. Control group was perfused 170 minutes with buffer solution. ischemic reperfusion (IR) group was subjected to 30 minutes ischemia. (Ischemic preconditioning) IPC group was elicited by 5 min ischemia followed 5 min reperfusion before IR and L-NAME + IPC group, L-NAME (0.1mM) was added into the perfusion solution. Heart rate (HR), left ventricular development (LVDP), RPP (LVDP × HR), infarct size and coronary flow (CF) were measured. ANOVA tests (with TUKEY post test if p<0.05) were used for statistical analyses.Results: IPC improve the postischemic recovery and reduced postischemic ventricular dysfunction in heart and reduction of infarction size. No significant differences were observed between IPC and IPC + L-NAME groups.Conclusion: L-NAME did not affect postischemic recovery of IPC so in the isolated heart NO isn't involved in the cardioprotective effect of IPC.