Studies in Medical Sciences
Year:2000 | Volume:11 | Issue:2|Papers Count:14

To evaluate central nervous system's involvement in diabetes and it's con-elation with peripheral nervous system involvement, visual evoked potentials study and verve conduction study were performed in a group of 40 patients and 29 sex, age matched controls. A homogeneous group of non insulin-dependent diabetics with five or more year duration of disease were studied. In our results, VEP parameters were foun abnormal in 50% of patients at 28 check size and in 37.5% of patients at 56 check size. Nerve conduction velocity was decreased in 67.5% of patients at sural nerve, 57.5% of patients at deep peroneal nerve and in 55% of patients at tibial nerve. Therefore, the central nervous system is involved in diabetes melitus in parallel with peripheral nervous system and neurophysiologic tests are helpful in diagnosis of nervous involvement.

Nowadays, trauma has a significant importance in modem medicine, 3pecially in this industrial world. Spinal cord injuries play a main role on this subject (2-5 cases per 100000) and in 10% of cases lead to quadriplegia. Complications such as paraplegia, quaderiplegia, urinal and fecal incontinence and psychotic disorders are the consequences of disappropriate treatments. Trauma, congenital malformations, veltebral tumours and T.B are the main causes of spinal column unstability. Surgery with harrington Rods is one of the simple and operative methods in many hospital in our country. In this survery 186 cases were studied which 17 cases because of incomplete documents and also 24 cases because of extraction of rods were excluded. From 145 valid documents 139 cases (95.86%) were admitted for trauma, 4 cases (2.75%) for TB and 2 cases (1.37%) for tumor. Post operative complications were: 4 Rod fractures (2.75%), 3 rod dislocations (1.71%), 4 osteomyelitis and wound infection (2.75%) , totally 7.85%. Several experiences indicate that Harrington surgery is a simple and available method can be considered in spinal column damages. So it is suggested to expand it in whole neurosurgicap wards.

Norplant as a long acting hormonal contraceptive method has been used for several years in Iran, and like any other contraceptive method evaluation of this device in the fields of contraception (effectiveness), continuation rate, side effects and other aspects of usage with respect to local factors in the country is needed. The objective of this study was to investigate the continuation rate of Norplant and its association with age, number of children, area of residence, previous method of contraception, and also studying the causes of discontinuation. Therefore a historical cohort study was designed. We collected data from 165 consumer (female) from rural and urban parts of Khoy district (West-Azarbaijan) whose complete follow up documents after inserting Norplant were available at the time of study (September 1995). At the end of 18-months period of follow up the continuation rate was 0.76 with 95% confidence interval (0.69-0.82), and there was no association between this rate and independent variables. The main causes of discontinuation were side effects (92%) and personal reasones (7%). Only in one case pregnancy had occurred.

To study the events in pregnancy, such as Hypenension, unnatural hemorrhage, eclampsia and preeclampsia and to study in the relation between these events and serum levels of APOA1 and APOB, the serum levels of APOA1 and APOB were estimated in 45 pregnant women (with I out events) and in 35 pregnant women (with events) and in 35 healthy women in the same age group. Then these three groups were compared together in serum levels of APOA1 and APOB. There was no significant increase in serum levels of APOA1 in the pregnant (without events), compared to pregnant (with events) and compared to control group (P>0.0.5). In comparison with control group there was significant increase in the plasma levels of APOA1 in the pregnant (with events) (P<0.05). In comparison with control group there was significant increase in the plasma levels of APOB in the pregnant (with and without events) (P<0.005). But there was no significant increase in the plasma levels of APOB in the pregnant (with events) in comparison with pregnant (with out events) (P>0.05). This study showed a positive correlation between APOA1 and APOB in pregnant (with and without events) and in control group, but this correlation was significant only in pregnant (with out events). These data suggest that the serum levels of APOA1 and APOB increase in normal pregnancy in comparison with control group and also increase in pregnant with events in comparison with pregnant without events (normal pregnant) and there is a positive correlation between events of pregnancy and serum levels of APOA1 and APOB.

Annual incidence of diarrhea is 1.3 milliard and mortality rate .is 3:4 million in children under five years in the world. In Iran one-fourth of mortality in these years is related to diarrhea. 0 RS changed the prognosis and mortality can be reduced to one -third with correct and general use. In Iran the use of ORS are low and west Azarbayjan among the Other Iranian provinces is placed in second rank regarding the lake of 0 RS consumption. A cross sectional study conducted to evaluate the knowledge of mothers with children under six years old in three village of Urmia. The following data are gathered by questionnaire: Mothers' knowledge about package, correct form of providing, corret time and keeping of ORS regarding age, level of literacy, numbers of children, village of study and information source. The results showed in tables and indicated that the awareness was in low level in comparison with other studies, especially in mothers over 45 years old and who had more than 5 children. There is no significant difference between literature and illiterate individuals in spite of village of settlement (0.002). Health workers were most source of information. It is offered to promote awareness of mothers the programs must be designed and implented according to the result of study.

Introduction: Hemorrhage is one of the complications of tonsillectomy. Medical and surgical interventions including suturing and selected ligation of hemorrhagic point and artery, suturing of pillars and ligation of the external carotid artery (E.CA) can cause essential effect on controling of the bleeding. Methods: In this discriptive and retrospective 5 years study during 1994-1999, 723 patients that had been operated tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy in Urmia University of medical sciences centers were examined and collected the data. Results: 13 patients had bleeding due to tonsillectomy and bleeding was controlled. The results indicated that the control was carried out by the following procedures: 4 by medical interventions, 5 by suturing of hemorrhagic point, 2 by packing & suturing of pillars together and in 2 by ligation of external carotid artery. Discussion: It seems that enough mass of pillars is effective in controlling of the bleeding and prevents of external carotid artery ligation in some cases.

Two forms of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) could be found in the Wistar rat brain homogenate, soluble and membrane bound enzyme. In order to study and purification of this enzyme, a homogenate of Wistar rat brain was prepared in a phosphate buffer, after centrifugation, supernatant which contains the soluble enzyme was separated. In the second stage the pellet was resuspended in the same volume of phosphate buffer contained Triton X-100 and centrifuged again. The supernatant this time contained the membrane bound enzyme. This enzyme was isotaled and purified using MAP-Agarose.

Meconium cotains undigested materials of amniotic fluid, secretary and desquamated substances of fetal gastrointestinal tract. It is usually fecalated into amniotic fluid following fetal hypoxia. Meconium stained amniotic fluid incidence varies from 10 to 15% in different studies. This descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out to determine the incidence of meconium stained amniotic fluid and meconium aspiration syndrome among 5587 neonates born in kowsar maternity hospital. Meconium stained amniotic fluid freqeuency was 10.2% among neonates, during the study. Whereas 1.4% of newborns showed signs of meconium aspirtion. In the 78.9% of cases meconium was concentrated and in the others was diluted. The infant's mortality in meconium aspiration syndrome was about 5.7%. The comparison of results with others in India and Singapore indicates that meconium stained amniotic fluid rate in this area is less than indicated countries (15% in India, 14.3% in Singapore, P<0.0001), However, there is no significant difference in meconium syndrome incidence between these studies.

Objectives: Duodenal Ulcer (DU) that appears with mucosal defect, is a common disease. About 10 percent of people suffer from DU and its complications during their life long. Recent hypothesis emphasis on Helicobacter pylori as the main pathogen. But some studies indicate that such a role can be a confounder. The main goal of this case-control study is the determination of Gastric metoplasia and Helicobacter pylori infection in DU and comparison with Non Ulcer Dyspepsia (NUD). Methods: Patients with endoscopically confirmed DU and NUD were undertaken Duodenal biopsy to determine gastric metaplasia and Ureas and ELIAS tests to recognition of Helicobacter pylori infection. A total of 77 patients (37 in group Du & 40 in group NUD) were studied (68.8% male & 31.2% female). Results: Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric metaplasia rate were 55.8% and 50.6% respectively. There was no difference in two groups H.pylori. On the other hand, gastric metaplasia was significantly higher in NUD group that DU group. H.pylori infection was more frequent among patients with gastric metaplasia. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate higher gastric metaplasia rate in NUD group. On the other hand, more Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric metaplasia points to relation of this microorganism and gastric metaplasia than Duodenal ulcer. Although some studies confirm such a finding, there is a necessity to perform the vast studies in proof of the subject.

prevalence of urinary Calculus during pregnancy and its rate of relapse are similar to non-pregnant women. Averagely, its prevalence in pregnant women is 1 per 1500 of pregnant women. Urinary calculus in pregnant women may be cause about 40% of delivery before term in pregnancies with marked urinary calculus. Urinary calculus's signs in pregnant women are similar to non-pregnant women and is one of the main causes of abdominal acute pains. It may be possible to mistake with pregnancy's signs so it is required to study more from diagnosis point, because the delay on diagnosis and find treatment may risk the result of pregnancy and lead kidny's damage. It is difficult to treat urinary calculus during pregnancy and require a cooperation between Gynecologist, Urologist and radiologist. In the first stage, urinary Calculus treatment is non-surgery and conservative and urologic intervention should be done when the pharmaceutical and non-surgery Therapy are not effective. However, there is a great change in urinary Calculus's treatment by PCN and ESWL, techniques, but usage of these techniques in pregnant women should be examed by cases and then applied. It must be avoided from any kind of invasive operation and limit it to emergency cases. Urinary Calculus can be removed in every stage of pregnancy with surgery. Habitual abortion with a surgical operation may occur more in the last 3 months of pregnancy.