Studies in Medical Sciences
Year:2017 | Volume:28 | Issue:2|Papers Count:9

Background & Aims: Regarding the high prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and comorbidity with aggression symptoms, it is significant to apply an intervention to reduce the symtomps. It was aimed to investigate the efficacy of puppet play therapy on aggression of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study had a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all children aged 8 to 12 years with ADHD in Kermanshah city. Then, 24 children were selected as the sample group by inaviable sampling and were divided into experimental and control group. Puppet play therapy intervention program was conducted for 10 sessions. Both groups were evaluated by relational and overt aggression questionnaire (2002) in pre and posttests. Variance and independent t-test were used to analyze the data.Results: The results showed that the puppet play had a significant effect on reducing total aggression (t=-3.23, P<0.004) and relational (t=-2.28, P<0.04) and reveal aggression (t=-7.1, P<0.001) butdon’t have significant effect on physical aggression (t=0.6 P<0.55).Conclusion: According to the results of this study puppet play therapy can reduce aggressive behaviuor in children through effect of executive functioning and emotional regulation.

Background & Aims: According to the increasing prevalence of depressive disorders, the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of group cognitive therapy based on Michael Free in reducing depression in mothers of children with mental disorders.Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on depressed mothers who had children with mental disorders who referred to private centers of Social Welfare Centers of Hamadan in2014. Therefore, 18 mothers were selected (9 patients in the experimental group and 9 patients in the control group) based on inclusion criteria and available sampling. To compare the effectiveness of the approach, the experimental group received 12 sessions of 90-minute cognitive-behavioral skill intervention and the control group received no intervention. The therapeutic clusters were assessed with Beck Depression Inventory (2000) during both pre-test and post-test and the data were analyzed using t-test and analysis of covariance.Results: The results of this study showed that there were significant differences between experimental and control groups after intervention (p<0.001). Implementation of group cognitive therapy based on Michael Free in experimental group decreased depression in mothers.Conclusion: The study showed that the use of group cognitive therapy based on Michael Free is effective in reducing depression of mothers of children with mental disorders and it seems to be very efficient and promising.

Background & Aims: Oral health care is an essential part of dental treatments for patients with a history of oral inflammatory diseases. The most important step in achieving patient cooperation is oral hygiene education. Several factors influence cooperation such as, patient satisfaction, age and gender. The present study aimed to evaluate patients' satisfaction from training methods and to determine the effects of age and sex of the patients on their learning from different educational methods.Materials & Methods: Interested participants referring to dental clinics in the study were examined and a score of 2 or less was included in this study. Patients aged 18 years and older and were randomly divided into 4 groups of 90 people. The first group was trained by oral presentation. For the second group, in addition to oral teaching, dental model was used either. An exam was added to the third group and the fourth group received education on their own mouth in addition to other educations received in the third group. Immediately after education, all groups were tested and the test was repeated six months later and the data were recorded. The four groups of Salomon were used to eliminate Hawthorne effect in this study.Results: There was no significant difference between men and women in learning. The correlation between scores and age showed that with increasing age, learning improves. Also, with more sophisticated training, patient satisfaction increases.Conclusion: With better education, patient satisfaction increases. Finally, we conclude that inclusion of practical training methods enhances the effectiveness of learning.

Background & Aims: Nanostructure materials have recently been considered to be investigated due to their specific properties in biology, medicine, and forensic sciences. Violence against women who are assaulted is of great significance in a forensic medicine and semen detection (with or without spermatozoon) is very important in this field. The presence of PSA in vagina is an indicator of semen that can also be used in detection of rape trauma.Materials & Methods: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with a diameter of ~ 35nm were prepared by citrate reduction of Gold (III) chloride hydrate (HAuCl4) based on Turkevich method. Anti-PSA were conjugated to gold nanoparticles to design a colorimetric biosensor for detection of PSA.Results: The color of the gold nanoparticle were changed from blue to red. This color shift was indicator of nanoparticles’ aggregation due to binding of PSA.Conclusion: This colorimetric biosensor can be used as an accessible rapid method in PSA detection in forensic medicine.

Background & Aims: One of the most serious problems experienced by adolescents and young adults is the lack of assertive behavior. In order to have an assertive behavior it is necessary for an individual to be aware of self and his/her abilities, and to have an effective perception of the environment. Among the mindfulness training methods, the most common one is the mindfulness-based stress reduction program. The present research aimed to investigate the effects of mindfulness training method based on stress reduction (MBSR), assertiveness increasing, and anxiety reduction.Materials & Methods: The present quasi-experimental study included a pre-test, post-test, and control group. The statistical population included female students of Islamic Azad University of Minoodasht County. The statistical sample included 45 persons having low mindfulness, low assertiveness, and high anxiety. Subjects were placed in experimental groups, control and placebo randomly. All of the sample groups completed Cattle Anxiety Scale and Gambill-Richey Assertiveness Scale in pretest and post-test stages and they completed Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) in pretest stage.Results: The data analysis using covariance and one-way analysis of variance demonstrated that mindfulness method based on stress or anxiety reduction had an impact on increasing assertiveness (F=35.064, P<0.001) and there was a significant difference between mindfulness training and anxiety reduction (F=6.823, P<0.001). Finally, 67% of assertiveness variance is explained by MBSR.Conclusion: Mindfulness training method had more significant impact on increasing assertiveness and reducing anxiety than control group and placebo.

Background & Aims: Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Hydatidosis is one of the zoonotic diseases that cause serious problems for human health, as well as major economic losses for livestock industry. Different chemicals have been used in the treatment of cysts. The development of new scolicidal agents with low side effects and more efficacies is an urgent need. The aim of this study was to investigate the scolicidal effect of gold nanoparticle on protoscoleces in vitro.Materials & Methods: Liver hydatid cysts were collected from slaughterhouse: the cysts fluid containing live protoscolex were aspirated aseptically. Protoscoleces were exposed to three concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg per ml) of gold nanoparticle. The viability of the protoscoleces was determined by eosin staining method at the times 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes.Results: Gold nanoparticle of all concentrations had significant scolicidal effects compared with control group (p<0.05). Gold nanoparticle at the concentration of 1 mg/ml led to kill all protoscoleces at 60 minutes.Conclusion: The findings of this study show that gold nanoparticle have potent scolicidal effects against protoscoleces of hydatid cyst, therefore it may be used in treatment of hydatid cyst.

Background & Aims: Post-traumatic stress is a common psychiatric disorder among soldiers and veterans. Meanwhile, veterans who have lost one or two of their members in the war, due to post traumatic stress, are also experiencing movement disorders. The purpose of this paper was to examine sensory disorders - anxiety disorders among warriors of Iran-Iraq war.Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on 150 male veterans of Iran-Iraq war which was composed of three groups. The first group included 50 patients with upper limb amputations, the second group of 50 patients with lower limb amputation, and a control group of 50 not-wounded subjects. For this purpose, questionnaires, interviews, and temping tests were used.Results: The findings showed the possibility of p<0.001 that confirmed the accuracy of the statistical process. The growth of the movement in the first group and the second to the third group was associated with more errors. In addition, by increasing the drawing speed, the motion errors in the first and second groups showed an increase compared to the third group.Conclusion: Temping test results showed that the control group decreased the number of their errors from 33 to 26. On the other hand, the number of mistakes of the first group of approximately was 24.2%instead of 17.5%. The second group of veterans was 13%; and the third group was 1% among (1.1±36 in the second stage and third stage 5.4±37). These findings indicate that damage to the sensory-motor and motor error rates increases.

Background & Aims: Many evidences show that regular resistance exercise training can increase activity and release of opioids in the CNS. Also it is known that as the body needs magnesium sulfate antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor as a pain reliever, it increases resistance exercise. In this research, the effect of resistance exercise and oral magnesium sulfate on pain threshold of morphine dependent rats following withdrawal syndrome was investigated.Materials & Methods: In this study male Wistar rats weighting 200±10g, n=35 were randomly divided into five groups (addicted: A, Mg treatment; addicted: Mg-A; exercised addicted: EA, Mg treatment; exercised addicted: Mg-E-A; and Control: C). Morphine sulfate 0.4 grams per liter was added to the animals water and after 21 days they were addicted to morphine. Animals were submitted to resistance exercise training and magnesium sulfate (10 grams/liter) for 9 weeks; they initially were trained climbing on 24 steps ladder with 20 percent of body weight (four sets with three repeated) weighting gradually were increased to 160 percent body weight in the 9th week. At the end of each three weeks of exercise protocol (3rd, 6th, 9th), we injected naloxone hydrochloride (3mg/kg.ip). The tail-flick test was used to assess the effects of training on nociceptive threshold at before, 0.5, 1, 6 and 24 hours after naloxone hydrochloride injection. In addition, pain threshold was measured in animals before Naloxone hydrochloride injection. Analysis of variance with repeated measures (with the software SPSS 20) were used to analyze the data.Results: Hyperalgesia following withdrawal syndrome decreased significantly by regular resistance exercise and magnesium sulfate in morphine dependent rats. Our results also showed that the effect of exercise was higher than magnesium sulfate on the pain threshold. Concurrent effects of regular resistance exercise and magnesium sulfate on thermal pain threshold were significantly higher than the effect of each on the pain threshold in morphine dependent rats (P<0.05).Conclusion: Our results showed regular resistance exercise and magnesium sulfate have analgesic property in morphine withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia in rats. Therefore, it can be used for the treatment/management of painful conditions.