Studies in Medical Sciences
Year:2017 | Volume:27 | Issue:11|Papers Count:13

Background & Aims: In general anesthesia, patients’ coughing during and after recovery is an important clinical problem with a prevalence of 15% to 45%. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of alkalinized lidocaine or lidocaine alone into the tracheal tube cuff on post-extubation cough in lumbar laminectomy surgery with general anesthesia.Materials & Methods: Ninety patients scheduled for lumbar laminectomy in prone position were enrolled in this randomized double-blind prospective study. After tracheal intubation, the tracheal tube cuff was filled with either an alkalinized 2% lidocaine solution or lidocaine alone or 0.9% saline. A logistic regression comprising the two factors was used for analysis. The incidence of sore throat reported by patients and cough 0, 10 and 30 minutes at recovery after extubation.Results: Intracuff alkalinized 2% lidocaine was superior to lidocaine alone and saline in blunting emergence coughing 10 and 30 minutes at recovery after extubation (P=0.035- P=0.005). The incidence of sore throat was significantly lower in the alkalinized 2% lidocaine group at the recovery at 10 and 30 min after extubation (p=0.001).Conclusion: The present study showed that the intracuff alkalinized 2% lidocaine was superior to lidocaine alone or saline in decreasing the incidence of emergence coughing and sore throat during the recovery room after extubation.

Background & Aims: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are of the most common infections worldwide.Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causing urinary tract infections are the primary pathogens. The aim of this study was to identify different genes papC, papG, fimH, iutA, sfaS, ibeA and antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli strains isolated from urinary tract infection.Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infection who referred to Children Medical Center in Tehran, Iran. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by disk diffusion method was performed according to CLSI guidelines. Thus, DNA extraction was performed from all strains and multiplex PCR was conducted for detection of papC, papG, fimH, iutA, sfaS and ibeA virulence genes in all strains.Results: The results showed that E.coli isolates to amikacin (100%) sensitive and had resistance to ampicillin (60%). Virulence genes prevalence was fimH 85%, papC 58%, papG 47%, iutA 35%, sfaS 1% and ibeA 1%.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the most common gene encoding genes fimH and papC adhesion genes in E.coli was isolated from urinary tract infection pap Fimbriae. The difference between the results with other studies is due to the diversity of geographic region.

Background & Aims: Since mindfulness may be effective in basic mechanisms of panic disorder, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an adjunct to drug treatment in patients with panic disorder.Materials & Methods: This pre-experimental study included pre-test/post-test control group (waiting list) and follow-up. Thirty panic patients were selected and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Both groups had the same type and dose of medication. The experimental group received MBCT and the control group were on a waiting list. The panic belief inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory were used to collect the data and then the data were analyzed using covariance analysis.Results: After treatment, scores of the experimental group patients revealed significant reduction in severity of symptom, anticipatory anxiety, body catastrophizing, emotional catastrophizing and selfdiscontent subscales of panic disorder (p<0.05). Also, the changes in two-month follow up were persistent.Conclusion: Therefore, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, by affecting cognitive mechanisms and components that are involved in panic disorder, can be effective in improvement of patients with panic disorder.

Background & Aims: There is no agreement on the protective effect of exercise on neurodegeneration processes, and the mechanisms responsible for exercise benefits in Parkinson disease (PD) yet. In this study we investigated the protective effect of 4 weeks of treadmill running with low intensity on the IGF-1, dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase levels in the striatum of parkinsonian rats induced by stereotaxic surgery injection of nervous toxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA).Materials & Methods: PD was induced by the injection of 6-OHDA in the striatum of male Wistar rats.In order to confirm rats with PD, cylinder behavioral rotation test was employed. Training encompassed 30 min/day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks, on the treadmill at the rate of 15 m/min. Measurement of IGF-1, dopamine and tyrosine hydroxilase in the striatum were performed by ELISA.Results: IGF-1, dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase levels in striatum were decreased after nervous toxin 6-OHDA injection.4 weeks of treadmill running prior to 6-OHDA pretreatment could not prevent the level of this protein from decreasing. Furthermore, cylinder test results showed that performing forced running program with low intensity does not have a protective effect on inducing behavioral symptoms of PD.Conclusion: It is revealed that 4 weeks of treadmill running with low intensity does not have a protective effect on behavioral symptoms and molecular changes against the PD-inducing nervous toxin. For absolute conclusion about the preventive usage of exercise as a protective non-pharmacological tool for brain’s health, further studies with different intensity and duration treatment are needed.

Background & Aims: In addition to the adverse effects of noise in the auditory system, non-auditory effects can be regarded as factors which cause physiological harassment, discomfort and also disorder in cognitive functions. The present study aimed at determining cognitive function after exposuring to different levels of sound pressure level in a clinical trial study.Materials & Methods: This study was clinical trial type (before and after clinical trial). In order to evaluate the effects of noise (65, 75 and 85 dB) on cognitive function, 12 students (6 males and 6females) of Isfahan Medical Science University students between the ages 22 and 27 with BMI 20-25kg/m were studied. To analyze data, the statistical pair-T test was used and ANOVA (P=0.05) was run.Results: Applying sound pressure level of 65 dB in comparison with prior applying of 65 dB sound pressure level led to average increase in chosen reaction times colors (P=0.041) and sounds (P=0.038)were significant. Also, by increasing the sound pressure level of 65 dB to 75 and then 85 dB reaction time average increase was significant (001.0>P).Conclusion: Accordingly, the 75 and 85 dB sound pressure level of 65 dB sound pressure range cannotbe considered within safe limits for non-auditory effects according to its impact on cognitive function.Besides, this issue in jobs that expose people to high sound leads to disorder in cognitive function(reaction time, attention, etc.) causing the risk which must be taken into consideration.

Background & Aims: Following the changes in substance abuse pattern and its consequences in Iran, especially constant cognitive impairments resulting from their use, this study aimed to compare working memory in psychotic patients who use methamphetamine and patients with hepatitis C and methamphetamine users with hepatitis C virus.Materials & Methods: In this casual-comparative study, a total of 90 patients of Razi hospital in Tehran and AIDS Research Center at Tehran University who met the inclusion criteria were selected through convenient sampling. The n-back test (Kirchner, 1958) was used in the current study. Data were analyzed by the central and dispersion indexes and the Multivariate Analysis of Variance as well as the Tukey test.Results: There was a significant difference between the three groups in working memory components (overall score=p<0.01, incorrect answer and reaction time=p<0.001). According to the results of the post hoc test, the average of the overall score for psychotic patients who use methamphetamine was significantly less and the average of the incorrect answer was more than the other two groups, also the average reaction time was lower than the other two groups.Conclusion: Long-term use of methamphetamine causes impairment in working memory through creating neuropsychological damage in brain regions, which in turn leads to deficits in executive functions, attention and so on. Therefore, in addition to help in better understanding of the problem, reducing relapses, frequent hospitalizations and other negative outcomes, identifying these factors could lead to different therapeutic strategies.

Background& Aims: Ameloblastoma is a slow growing, locally invasive epithelial odontogenic tumor and high rate of recurrence. Mechanisms involving ameloblastoma invasiveness are poorly understood, and no definitive treatment procedures for individual variants are mentioned in the literature. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-2 causes degradation of the matrix thereby promoting invasion and also in the induction of angiogenesis. Therefore, in this study we aimed to evaluate immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2 in intraosseous multicystic, unicystic and peripheral ameloblastoma.Materials & Methods: In this study, paraffinized blocks including 10 multicystic ameloblastoma (5 pelxiform type, 5 follicular type), 10 mural unicystic, 10 unisystic (5 luminal type, 5 intraluminal type) and 10 peripheral were used. After preparing 4 micrometer blocks, the samples were stained by immunohistochemistry method for marker MMP-2.Result: All samples showed positive MMP-2 expression. Multicystic ameloblastoma and mural unicystic ameloblastoma showed strong expression, significantly different with peripheral and luminal, intraluminal unicystic types (p<0.05).Conclusion: According to higher rate of MMP-2 expression in solid ameloblastoma and mural unicystic type, more aggressive clinical behavior and treatment is expected in these types. In contrast peripheral and luminal, intra luminal unicystic types by lower expression of this protease are more likely to have benign clinical behavior and respond to more conservative treatment.

Background & Aims: Numerous studies showed that vitamin D has direct effect on the innate and acquired immune system. Serum levels of vitamin D play an important role in the incidence of infectious disease and also the outcome of its treatment.Materials & Methods: In this observational and cross-sectional study, the serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, and, PTH in 44 patients with different forms of tuberculosis were compared with the control group.Results: In this study serum level of vitamin D in patients (mean 15.07±15.99) was significantly lower than the control group (mean: 16.88±9.88) (p=0.05). Serum level of calcium in patients group (9.15±0.59) was significantly (P<0.001) lower than the control group (9.53±0.26). Serum level of PTH in patient group (33.08±21.73) did not have significant difference with the control group (38.2±19.1) (p=0.178).Conclusion: According to this study low serum level of vitamin D and calcium may be a risk factor for reactivation of TB in some patients.

Background & Aims: Vitamin D plays several important roles in human body. Studies showed that low serum 25 (OH) D results in hyperglycemia, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The objective of current study was to examine the effect of 3-month supplementation with 1000IU vitamin D on blood pressure in prediabetic adults.Materials & Methods: In a 3 month randomized clinical trial, 120 eligible subjects were randomly assigned to vitamin D or placebo group; they were stratified according to percentage of body fat mass in four blocks to receive 1000 IU/daily vitamin D or an identical placebo tablet for 3 months, respectively. Participants were adults aged 18-70 years old with prediabetes. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum 25 (OH) D levels, BMI, waste circumference, percentage of body fat mass (FM), physical activity, sun exposure, energy and macro nutrient intake were assessed before and after the intervention.Results: In the intervention group serum levels of 25 (OH) D increased significantly (from19.36 to 30.48, P<0.001); systolic blood pressure decreased in vitamin D group significantly (p=0.002), but the changes from baseline was not significantly different between the vitamin D and placebo group.Conclusion: The daily supplementation of 1000IU vitamin D for 3 months has no effect on the blood pressure.

Background & Aims: Burning provides irreparable effects on the affected patient. Several studies show that these cells may contribute to tissue regeneration whether through producing a variety of bioactive growth factors and/or by differentiation into mesoderm lineage. Several studies demonstrate that stimulated mesenchymal stem cells have more therapeutic potential than unstimulated cell in accelerate tissue wound healing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of subcutaneous administration of stimulated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells with lipopolysaccharide in repairing or regeneration of skin wounds induced by third-degree burn and to compare it with unstimulated Mesenchymal stem cell in mouse model.Materials & Methods: The third-degree skin burn was induced on male mice (N=27). After 1 hour, based on the equal physical condition mice were randomly divided into three separate groups which included control, mesenchyme and LPS groups and then respectively subcutaneously administered with phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 400 ml), mesenchymal stem cells and stimulated mesenchymal stem cells with LPS (106 cell in 400 ml PBS) at the burn site. In order to check the speed of the process of 21-days wound repair, tissue section at days 7, 14, and 21 after induction of burn were prepared and stained with hematoxylin/eosin and Masson’s trichrome.Results: Considering investigated parameters including formation of granulation tissue, angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition and the rate and quality of healing of third-degree thermal burns were significantly accelerated in mesenchyme and LPS groups when compared to the control group (P<0.05). As well as LPS group in comparison to mesenchymal group was superior in collagen deposition and rate of wound healing.Conclusion: The results demonstrate that stimulate cells whit LPS improve BMScʼs therapeutic effect in some factors of burn wound healing.