Studies in Medical Sciences
Year:2001 | Volume:12 | Issue:3|Papers Count:15

Introduction: Gallium is being used widely in radioimaing and chemotthapy for the treatment of many diseases including cancers. The accumulating of this element in liver has been reported previously. The present investigation the effects of gallium on alkaline phasphatase activity and its isoenzymes as indexes for liver function has been studied. Material & Methods: Different groups of rat (5 in each group) were -choose and received gallium (5, 10, 15 and 60 mg/kg) daily intraperitoneal for 10, 30 and 60 days. Animals were. Killed and sera were collected and loaded on the columns containing sephacryl S-300. High and low molecular weight (HMW, LMW) ALKP activities were determined.Results: Results obtained show that short time administration of gallium for 10 days decreased ALKP activity for 15.86%, whereas daily administration of gallium (5, 10 and 15mg/kg) daily for 30 days reduced the serum ALKP enzymes activity by 3.1, 10.7 and 21.9% respectively when injection of gallium was carried out for 60 days these was a reduction of 10% and elevations enzyme activity by 10.7 and 33.48% respectively. Using gel filtration technique it was found that the elevation was due to HMW.Discussion: Gallium is able to make damage to hepatocyts and to the evaluated ALKP. More investigation should be done to detection the exact. mechanism.

Introduction: The family caregivers are regarded as backbone of the health care system and in most cases they, themselves are considered as patients, because their commitment to look after mentally ill patients may lead to mental or moral exhaustion. This research study during the year of 2000 was carried out on family caregivers of mentally ill patients who used to introduce themselves to zahedan mental hospital to examine their mental and moral burden level experienced during that period.Materials & Methods: This descriptive - analytic research was carried out on 125 family caregivers in zahedan mental hospital. To give a clear description of the criteria of each of under study, firstly each patient's personal characteristics and psychiatric diagnosis was investigated and registered in prepared forms, secondly in a questionair all information about personal criteria of caregivers and their experienced psychological burden were collected. All data were presented by descriptive and analytic index.Results: Amongst all family caregivers 27.4% were suffering from mild level of burden. Although the mean average of burden experienced by caregivers of schizophrenia and psychotic disorders was more than those with mood disorder but there was no statistically significant difference.Discursion: Nursing and caregiving of patients with mental disorder in long term cause enormous burden to caregivers. In this study, 73.6% of family caregivers experienced a moderate to severe level of burden. This burdens can endanger the health of caregiver and also reduce the quality of caregiving and relationship between patient and caregiver. Furthermore it is suggested that intervention should be applied to reduce such burdens.

Introduction: Semiologic analysis of migraine aura has shown that visual aura often occurs without any other aura symptoms, whereas other aura types usually appear in combination and succession with another aura. This study was done to obtain information about overlaping in various types of aura.Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-prospective study migraine with aura was diagnosed by International Headache Society criteria. The various types of aura and their temporal relations in each patient were evaluated in more than 3 follow ups between March 20, 2000-March 20/2001.Results: In our 215 migrainous patients visual, sensory, motor and speech auraes occured in 181, 57, 21 and 10 subjects respectively. 27% of visual, 82% of sensory, 94% of motor and all of speech auraes overlaped with a successive appearance in 82 percent.Discussion: The overlap of sensory, motor and speech types of aura and their successive occurence after visual aura is important in diagnosis of migraine with aura.

Introduction: Flexibility of muscles is an important factor for prevention of sports injuries. The purpose of this study is the effect of three types of sports football, wrestling, tekvando on flexibility of some muscles to determine the relationship between type of sport and these specific muscles. Methods & Materials: A total of 75 persons (25 persons in each sport group) with mean age of 21.56 years old were evaluated. Data collection was performed by a questionnare and measuring of flexibility of 12 muscles in both sides in pelvic and hip regions. Statistical analysis was done by t-student test. Results: The results showed that the flexibility of iliopsoas and Hamstring muscles in Tekvando players were significantly more than other two sports, but piriformis and tensor fascia lata muscles in football players and adductor and quadriceps muscle in wrestlers were significantly more than other two sports.Discussion: In each sports, some of muscles are more flexible than others selectively. Therefore in order to prevention of sport's injuries, it is neccessory that all of the muscles are streched by specific techniques.

Introduction: Exercise intolerance is one of the main features of heart failure. Patients with heart failure always restrict their activity because of early fatigue and low fictional capacity. Cardiac rehabilitation and supervised exercise had good effect in muscular metabolism and could reduce fatigue in coronary patients by reconditioning. Method: One handred patients took part in this study. Fifty post myocardial infarction patients who were referred by their physician for cardiac rehabilitation. And 50 patients who did not took part in cardiac rehabilitation program (because of their physicians did not believe on cardiac rehabilitation). Exercise test and echocardiography were performed for all patient before and after of study period. The cardiac rehabilitation composed of 24 sessions. Each session consisted of one hour of aerobic exercise (10 min warm up, 10 min cool down 40-min isotonic exercise).Results: Ejection fraction and functional capacity were increased in both groups before and after exercise and the changes were significant by paired t test in each group. For functional capacity the changes in case group were also significant in comparison with control group by independent t test. But this was not true for ejection fraction.Discussion: Cardiac rehabilitation could activate physiologic mechanisms (better oxygen uptake in peripheral arteries, changes in oxidative metabolic pathway and ...) by which body would use cardiac out put more efficiently.Cardiac rehabilitation could increase exercise tolerance in heart failure by increasing functional capacity but not ejection fraction.

Introduction: Sleep is the necessity of life and it allocated about 1/3 of human life to itself. From about the 7 decades before, following discovery of various stages of the structure of sleep, human knowledge was changed to the form of a experimental science gradually and they studied different effects of sleep disorder in body and spirite from different views. On the other hand, an increase of industrial, commercial activities nightly caused that many more people are exposed to sleep disorder all days. Therefore, a consideration to this life view increased especially in developed countries. In the center of this problem, nurses are the most indicator of shift-work group that Not only the appearance of illness effects on their health but also it risks patients who are under thier attention.Materials & Methods: A regulation questionnaire is based on a SDQ form Michigan University and a sleeplessness from City Calege of New York "CCNY" and Epworth sleepiness scale "E.S.S" delivered to the nurse of Imam Khomaini Hospital.Among 446 persons answered to the questionnaire voluntairly, after that SPSS soft ware performed descriptive and analytic on data.Results: Among 446 questionnaire which has studied, More than 98% of nurses were shift-work and 87.7% of them suffered from sleep disorder, 58.3% of them were invelved in sleepiness in day-long and 75% of them have nightly insomnia.Discussion: Results show high prevalance of sleep disorder among nurses and more attention to them is required.Because of this, We propose to establish a centre with investigative, diagnostic and therapy suitable facilities relating to sleep disorder.

Introduction: Rubella or German measeles is a mild contageous disease in non pregnant women. The infection is subclinical and most of them have not been characterized by clinical illness but only by a boost in antibody titer. At present no vaccination against rubella has being investigated by national programme in Iran. Material & Methods: In this study a total of 599 sera were obtained from high school girls)the ages between (16-18) and tested for rubella antibody level by the rubella IgG ELISA test.Results: The results were indicated that 500 students (84.9%) had protective antibody level and in 80 students (15.1%) no detectable antibody was observed.Discussion: The comparison of these results by the studies were carried out with others in different cities in Iran, the immunity against is much lower than the other cities. The establish of immuniztion programme against rubella is recommended.

Introduction: Cerebrovascular lesions, specially cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), are the commonest conditions among elder's neurologic diseases and rank third (also first or second) as a cause of death in many countries, with a large amount of direct and indirect costs (e.g.: hospital care, physician care, diagnostic procedures, treatment, rehabilitation, etc.). These problems are more critic about Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH), but otherwise preventible. The main gole of this survey contains studying of ICH frequency and its risk factors in Neurology Ward of Motahary Hospital.Method & Materials: This descriptive, cross-sectional study had been performed since 1375 till 1376 (according to 1997). All hospitalized patients with established diagnosis of CVA had been studied by a questionnaire in this period of time.Results: A total of 209 patients were studied, 106 cases in hemorrhagic group and 103 cases in ischemic group (50.7% and 49/3%, respectively). Intracranial hemorrhage included 40.7% of all cases. There was no difference in mean age and sex frequency between ICH and ischemic groups.A significant difference was detected statistically between ICH and ischemic patients' diastolic, systolic and mean blood pressures. On the other hand, past cardiac diseases history was more frequent among ischemic CVAs. There was no distinct relation with other factors.Discussion: The results indicate that high frequency of ICH, in comparison with other studies, may partly be due to specific profile of disease and high mortality rate so patients expire before hospital admit, and partly due to its real frequency. This subject points to the neccessity of performing more studies with large samples.

Introduction: Pharyngocutaneous fistula is a serious complication following laryngectomy. Gastric and reflux seems to be a predisposing factor. Gastric acid can damage laryngopharyngeal mucosa and postpone mucosal repair. In this study, the role of prophylaxis against gasteroesophageal reflux in decreasing pharyngocutaneous fistula following laryngectomy, is evaluated.Materials & Methods: During a four year period) 56 laryngectomies were peifonned in the Khalili Hospital. From these) 30 patients received anti reflux prophylaxis including metoclopromide (10mg, iv, q6h) and cimetidine (200mg, iv, q6h) from 24 hour before surgery and continued during their hospital course (study group) and 26 patients did not receive anti reflux regimen (control group). Incidence of fistula in the two group was evaluated.Results: The incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula in the control and study groups was 34.6% and 11% respectively. Discussion: This study supports the role of gastroesophageal reflux prophylaxis in decreasing the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula following laryngectomy in patients with laryngeal carcinoma.

Introduction: The strategy to hold National Immunization Days for all countries of the world was suggested for the first time, by an American Scientist professor Albert Sabin.The purpose was to vaccinate all the qualified children in a short period (use of oral vaccine) and to replace vaccine attenuted virus instead of poliomyelitis wild virns in environment. World Health Organization, with regard to these technical principles, certified the object of poliomyelitis eradication until the 2000. More than 140 countries were carried .out zero report of acute flaccid paralysis cases (A.F.P.) through reducing of paralysis cases from poliomyelitis virus until the 1994s.In Iran, the third stage of National Immunization program in all of the urban and rural areas, was conducted in two stages to cover all children under 5 years of age. Materials and Methods: In this study, 420 serum samples were selected from urban and rural regions of West-Azarbaijan at random and then examined with serum neutralization test to survey immunity status of children under 5 years against poliviruses in 1375.Results: The results showed that children against poliomyelitis types I, II, III respectively, 96%, 94% and 91% had protective level.1/10 or upper. In this method 1/10 was administered as a protective level. Outcomes also present that 81%, 80% and 72% of children had 1/40 antibody level or upper against poliomyelitis viruses types I, II, III.Discussion: Research findings are to indicate the valuable effect of current programmes of poliomyelities vaccination during the past years and also holding of National Immunization Days in 1373-1375 years. In order to sustain these presented results, to keep children vaccination at a high rate, to implement mopping-up programmes at risks regions and to report Acute Flaccid paralysis cases were recommended as three important strategies.

Introduction: Isosporiasis is made up by replacing of Isospora belli at the intestine spectine specially at the last part of duodenum and the first part of jejunum) Its symptoms are acute diarrhea) total weakness and loss of weight. Although adults and children can also be affected by the parasite but occurance of symptoms are mostly at the immunologically defecied persons) particularly these who are affected by AIDS. Diagnoses of this opportunist protozoa parasit is made by the appearance of its oocysts in the patiants feces.Clinical Data: In the west Azarbayjan) no case of Isospora belli was recorded except one which is poing to be reported here. In this report) the case is a fifty seven years of ago male patiant which had a car accident 1.5 years ago he was hospitalized for about 6 months during which he has a very severe diarrhea by which he has lost weight about 20 Kg. Psychologically) the patient is very disappointed and weak. The patients serun was evaluated according to biochmical toutine test and also it was studied by different serological methods. To diagnose the parasite, the patients feces was studied according to methods of direct examination of the stool or may be detected in concerates for two sequent days. Observing the ooeyst was approved by modified add-fast staining. The patient, after diagnosing the desrase, was treated specifically, and recovered within One week.