WOMENS STUDIES
Year:2008 | Volume:6 | Issue:1|Papers Count:9

Shopping is a daily affair requiring significant time and energy. Research shows that shopping motives affect individuals' shopping behaviours. Such motives are categorized as functional, socio-emotional, and identity motives. Gender is a factor, which can bring about different degrees of importance to shopping motives. In this survey, seven assumptions and a secondary question are posed in order to investigate correlation between shopping motives, apparent site attractions, type of goods and gender. This study tests functional motives as facilitators and socio-emotional motives as barriers to electronic shopping. Research methodology includes both qualitative and quantitative methods. The respondents are among male and female shoppers of the Iranian sites. Meanwhile t and X2 tests were performed for two independent groups to examine the assumptions.The tests approved only one of the assumptions, and the others were not approved. This implies that there is merely a significant correlation between socio-emotional motives and gender factor, and socio-emotional motives are more important for women than men. The results do not show a significant correlation between functional and identity motives against gender factor. There is no significant correlation between apparent site attractions, types of goods and gender factor.

Intimacy has been conceptualized as a very important pattern of behavior with a strong aspect of emotion and social relationships of acceptance, happiness, and love. The aim of this study is to compare gender differences within intimacy dimensions between married college students. One hundred married college students were randomly selected from dormitory of Tehran universities (N = 100). Three questionnaires were used: Marital Intimacy Needs Questionnaire; Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (MIQ); and General Demographic Questionnaire.Results show that there are significant gender differences in the total score of the intimacy, and other dimensions such as emotional, psychological, sexual, and physical intimacy. But there are not significant gender differences in social, aesthetic, spiritual-thought dimensions of intimacy. Couples also show significant difference in time intimacy. Results have been discussed according to the different patterns of socialization and a multidimensional model of intimacy.

The aim of this study is twofold: the first is investigating the effect of mothers' job difficulty and their spouses' cooperation in house holding on satisfaction of marital relationships. The second is exploring the effect of all these variables on children's behavioural disorders. A sample of ISO employed mothers with Kindergarten's child of Shiraz city completed children's behavioural disorders, job difficulty, spouse cooperation, and marital relations scales. General findings indicate that job difficulty does not predict satisfaction of marital relationships. But spouse cooperation positively predicts marital relationships. Moreover, job difficulty predicts only children's aggression and marital relationships predict aggression and withdrawal negatively. The findings are discussed with respect to research literature and suggestions for further investigations are set forth.

This article discusses women's role in children literature emphasizing sociopolitical changes during recent decade in Iran.The sources of research in the article are story books, published by the Iranian Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children in the period of 1979 to 2004. Content analysis technique was used in the process of data sampling. This article examines Iran's socio-political changes with respect to the war, construction, and definite reforms period as well as changes in women's role in 22 sample story and then they are compared with the reality.The result showed that despite the changing reality, authors' approaches to sexual roles remained intact during 3 periods of times. Indexes related to women's role include: quantity of presence, familial roles, literacy, job, and women's socio-political activities.

The objective of this research is to study the marital adjustment of AI-Zahra University students in relation to their psychological well-being. Participants of the research were 20 I married female students at AI-Zahra University. They were selected via the method of available samples. For data- gathering, the Spanier Marital Adjustment Questionnaire and psychological Well- Being Questionnaire were utilized. For data analysis, one way ANOVA analysis and Pierson correlation and regression methods were used.The results suggest that there is a meaningful interrelation between psychological well-being subscale and marital adjustment subscales; except spirituality subscale of well being, which only had correlation with dyadic coherence subscale of marital adjustment questionnaire. Analysis of regression showed that duration of marriage and marital adjustment with 20.6 percent assurance predict mental well-being.

One of the topics discussed in the aria of women’s problems is the quality of women's testimony in courts, because what we face in written civic and penal codes clearly shows that according to jurisprudents' opinions and their inference from jurisprudential reasons, women's testimony or witnessing in different fields has not been seen valid and authoritative. Nonetheless, by restudying the issue, it is possible to make these reasons deductive in the current condition in a way that would certainly causes the laws related to women's testimony to change. This essay sees flaws in interpretation of witnessing and testimony in some jurisprudents' opinions and introduces the problem only as a way to prove that such claims derive their credence from common usage or the secular law. This is so, considering finding fault with the method of inference from the holy Qur'an and narratives, and by expressing that other reasons manifest signs of alteration. It means if the qualification of women to express their opinions about their observations be proved in special occasions, and if it is confirmed by the wise, the holy legislator never ignores this matter and considers the witness of men and women equal.

This research probes the effect of systematic desensitization method on test anxiety and academic performance with control the father's education and occupation of third-grade guidance school girl students in Behbahan. The population includes all third-grade guidance school girl students in Behbahiin. The participants of the study included 42 students suffering from test anxiety. These students were selected using the multi-phase method. The instruments in this study were Speilberger's Test Anxiety Questionnaire and the average score of the students (educational performance criterion). Besides descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation, inferential statistics like MANGV A were also used for data analysis. The results showed that systematic desensitization method decrease test anxiety and improve educational performance of experimental group, compared with the control group.