PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES
Year:2011 | Volume:7 | Issue:3|Papers Count:9

Background: Since the decade of 1970, has been performed many efforts to understand the major determinants of individual's participation in physical and athletic activities.The one of these efforts, was to understanding of this point that is the individuals participation in athletic activities results of pre-existing personality differences among them or personality differences are shaping in process of athletic participation.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the difference between athletes and non-athletes concerning to neuroticism and extraversion in framework of gravitational model.Method: This study was conducted with an ex-post facto research design. One hundred and twenty four athletes (69 men and 55 women) and one hundred and sixteen non-athletes (51 men and 65 women) that entering newly in body-building clubs composed the study sample. These respondents then responded to The Big Five Inventory (BFI).Results: The results showed significant difference among athletes and non-athletes in regard to Neuroticism (P<0.01) and Extraversion (P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that socio-demographic variables (model 1) explained for %18.9 of the variance in participation in Physical and Athletic Activities. In second model, Neuroticism and extraversion variables, refined for %7.9 of variance in participation of Physical and Athletic Activities.Discussion: The results of current study, have been approved the validity of gravitational model which emphasized on importance of pre-existing personality differences such as neuroticism and extraversion regarding to athletic participation. Moreover, considering to importance of neuroticism and extraversion, results of this study can be used about behavioral interventions in style enforcement of extraversion and debilitation of neuroticism to reinforce the individual's attitude toward participation in physical and athletic Activities.

This Research addresses the efficacy of the training of positive affective on the marital satisfaction and attachment style, based on the importance of positive psychological movement in this century. The hypothesis of the research was that the training of positive affect lead to marital satisfaction and changing of attachment style. This research was Quasi- experimental with 2 groups pretest–posttest design. The population of this study was all of the Iranian married students, and the available population was married students of Allame Tabatabaei university with insecure attachment style, that 24 of them were selected according to available sampling. Then they were assigned in experimental and control group, which each group has 12 members. The Instrument of this research was the questionnaire of personal experiences in relationships (ECR-R) and Enrich Satisfaction questionnaire (short-form) , positive & negative affect Questionnaire (PANAS) and pilot of treatment on the increasing positive affect. The result of independent T analysis indicated that training of increasing positive affect lead to the increasing of marital satisfaction and changing the attachment style in the married students with insecure attachment style.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Sense of Coherence and Emotional intelligence. Four hundred university students (200 girls, 200 boys ) were included in this study. All participants were asked to complete the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOCS) and the Emotional Intelligence scale (EIS). The Method in this study was Correlation. Analysis of the data involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including means, Percent, t-tests, pearson's correlation coefficients and regression analysis. The results showed 71% of total variance in Sense of Coherence are representation by Emotional Intelligence and its components. And coefficient of Self Management and coefficient of Social Awareness and also coefficient of Relation Managemet according to the T test showed that the variables with 0/99 confidence can be predicted to the changes related to Sense of Coherence. Also regression coefficient showed that Self Awareness can not significantly explains variance of Sense of Coherence on university students. It can be concluded that with increasing the Self Management, Social Awareness, Relation Managemet lead to increased Sense of Coherence in university Students.

The present research aim to evaluate psychometric properties, validity and reliability of Minnesota eating behavior survey (MEBS, von Ranson, Klump, Iacono, Mc Gue, 2005) in female high school students in Isfahan .This scale is one of the self-report tools for evaluation of anorexia nervosa symptoms. After translation the English version to Persian and back translation of MEBS, the existed problems in accordance of two translation were considered and corrected, so it was performed in a small sample for identification of probable problems and after that, the essential corrections were done and the final inventory was administered. Participates of the study were 300 female high school students from the five regions of Esfahan the samples were selected through multi-stage cluster random sampling. They fill MEBS and the data were analyzed with SPSS and LISREL. Factor analysis of the scale via the varimax rotation showed 3 factors, that covered 56.83 percent of the total variance. Construct validity also accepted through the 3 factors. Also data analysis reported a relatively high internal consistency (cronbach alpha was 0.70).The correlation coefficient between test and retest were 0.93 that indicated a high test-retest reliability. To consider range of point, T scores was used and score 19 was indicated as the border of normal from abnormal diagnosis. The results show that MEBS is a valid and reliable scale that can be apply in research and clinical situations to diagnose the symptoms of anorexia nervosa in female adolescents of Esfahan.

This research was conducted with the aim of studying the role of negative and positive affect in relation between injustices with employees ’ destructive behaviors. Research method was correlational, and sampling method was simple random sampling.Statistical population was the employees of an industrial and productive company (250 Persons) in autumn 1388 in Shahrekord city. Among 230 distributed questionnares, 16 valid questionnaires were returned. Research instruments were: injustice questionnaire (in three sections of distributive, procedural and interactional justice with 13 items) positive and negative affect scale (PANAS with 18 items) and employees ’destructive behavior's, questionnaire (with two subscales namely quitting and neglect, and aggressive protest with 8 items).Data from questionnaires were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis. Evidences from hierarchical regression analysis showed that: 1. positive affect modifies the relationship between interactional injustices with the quiting as the first component of destructive behaviors. Also positive affect modifies the relationship between interactional injustice with neglect and aggressive voice. Evidences from simple slope analysis showed that in high positive affect, with increasing the interactional injustice, the quiting and neglect and aggressive protest also increased. But negative affect also has been modified the relationships between procedural and interactional injustice with quiting and the relationships between distributive and interactional injustice with neglect and aggressive protest. That is, the above mentioned relationships were positive and significant in low negative affect.

The aim of the present research was to determine the relationship of resilience, stress and self-efficacy with life satisfaction in the students with high and low achievement. This research was a correlational study. The research sample consisted of 120 students who were selected from students with high and low educational achievement through the random sampling method. To collect the data, Resilience Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale were used. The MANOVA results showed that students with high educational achievement have greater resilience, self-efficacy and life satisfaction, and lower stress than students with low educational achievement. The result of multiple regression showed that resilience and positive stress to be the best predictors for life satisfaction in students with high achievement; while resilience was found to be the best predictors for life satisfaction in students with low achievement. These findings have important implications for educational and counseling services for students.

Students have interpretations and attitudes toward school materials. these attitudes play an important role in their pedagogic performance. The purpose of the present paper are: a) measuring of the Attitudes Toward Mathematics, B) Measuring of the Exam Anxiety, C) Relationship between Attitude Toward Math and Exam Anxiety.This study is survey research and the research instrument contain two part: 1) Mathematics Attitudes Scale (MAS, Aiken, 1985, 2005) which contains 28 items and four subscales (Enjoyment, Important, Motivation and Fear).2) Questionnaire of the Exam Anxiety of the course (Abulghasemi et al, 1375). The subjects were 200students (100 boys and 100girls) which were randomly selected with multistage sampling from the secondary years of Isfhan High schools of Science and Humanities masors. The result showed significant relationship between each of these subscales as well as attitudes toward Mathematics course with its exam anxiety (-0/365). Level of the Attitudes Toward Mathematics and Exam Anxiety were evaluded in the middle. The results also showed that there were not a significant difference between the Attitude Toward Mathematics and Exam Anxiety of the male with female also between the Science and Humanities.