RESEARCH ON SPORT SCIENCE
Year:2007 | Volume:4 | Issue:13|Papers Count:12

The purpose of this study was to examine attitudes of athletes, coaches and referees who attended in the third muslim women games and faculty member of physical education and sport science colleges in Tehran and executive sport management (N =431) about Islamic women sport federation in the third Muslim women games. The method of collecting the data was a research made questionnaires, which experts confirm, its face validity also reliability coefficients of athletics (%88.6), coaches (%89.2), referees (%88.4), faculty member (%89.9) and executive sport management(%88.2) in pilot study. The results of this research showed the opinion of statistical Population about the goals of research.Comparing the result according to the necessary needs of research and which that was all descriptive for the finding of common and differential point of attitude of statistical Population.

This study is going to identify the job stressor resources and factors among West Azerbayjan sport coaches. The sample was 46 active coaches in 10 chosen sport events, including: Volleyball, Football, Wrestling, Tennis, Weight Lifting, Swimming, Basketball, Physical Fitness, Teakwood, and Track and Field. The method of this research was descriptive measurable survey, and the outbreak of job stressor and organizational stressor factors based on coaches individual characteristics was investigated through casual, comparative, and corelational measures. The data collection tool was two divisional stress measure questionnaires, based on Likert's seven grade indicators. Eventually after collecting the data by descriptive and inferential statistical practices, the purpose and hypotheses of this research were verified. The a-coefficient was 91 %. Finding indicates that 78.3 % of coaches consider the outbreak of organizational stressor factors as moderate. 73.9% of the coaches have the same idea about the job stressor factors in coaching profession. However, the distribution mean of subjects view, indicates the outbreak of job stressor factors more than organizational stressor ones. Furthermore, technology and technical knowledge (mean: 5.17, standard deviation: 1.37) was the most important job stressor factor. The importance of job, the pressure of time, and the quantity of job were in the following ranks. In the other hand, the professional development of human resources and the management approach were assigned in the next positions. Lack of the coaches desire to progress (mean: 8) had the highest rank among other job stressor factors, and shortage of assigned financial credits (mean: 6.5) had the last rank in the mentioned group.

In the framework of a descriptive-survey research design, the present study was planned to answer questions related to quality of life and mental health of Iranian coaches. Therefore, sixteen variables connected to these various aspects, were studied. Samples (n=1122 coaches) was randomly chosen from various provinces. To collecting data, following items were used: Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ) (Evens and Cope, 1989), and the Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) (Derogatis et al 1984). Data were analyzed using most descriptive statistics indicates, and also parametric and non-parametric inferential statistics. Some of the most important results were as follows: 47,7% of coaches were female and so 52,3% were male. Most of the subjects (44,7%) were in the range of 25-34 years and mean of age was 36,45. In relation to the quality of life, it was found that the best marital relations were observed in Isfahan (m=7,18), highest(m= 44) and lowest (m= 1,16) mental health status were observed in Qom and Tehran respectively, the highest rate of suspects to mental illness observed in Tehran (21,2%). There was a significant difference among provinces in relation to marital relations, parent-child relations, extended family relations, job characteristics, occupational relations, and job satisfiers. Significant difference was also found among provinces concerning mental health and distribution of psychological conditions. In comparing with men, mental health & quality of life in women coaches had higher level.

The aim of this study was to investigate the nutrition knowledge and dietary habits of track and field athletes who participated in student competitions. Statistical population included of all track and field athlete's students of the country who had taken part in student matches in 1384.The instruments of this research included nutrition knowledge questionnaire (involved 66 questions, from Zawilla, 2003) and dietary practices questionnaire (research maker). 190 questionnaire which completed (boys: 110 & girls: 80) were selected as the purposeful sample. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by university professors and general and sport nutrition specialists and questions internal reliability was obtained by Krunbach Alpha coefficient of 0.86. Independent T-test and Pierson correlation were used for analysis of data. The result shows that the mean of correct answer was 33.6. Although the boys had higher score in sport, general and nutrition knowledge questions, but there were not any significant differences in questions (P> 0/05). Also there were only significant differences between two groups only in subgroups of carbohydrate, protein, iron and calcium. There was an increases of nutrition knowledge accompanying, decreases in use of the nutrition supplement (=-0/15), P<0/05) rand ergogenic substances (r=-0/15, P<0/05), and so persons who had nutrition program (r=0/36, P<0/05) and passed the nutritional education career (r=0/22, P<0/05) have a higher nutrition knowledge. Sports book were the first references of nutrition information in athletes. It can be concluded that nutrition educational career for athletes and coaches is one of the ways to Developing the nutrition knowledge.

The interaction effects of vitamin E supplementation and aerobic training on exhaustion time and changes of oxidative enzymes are research topic of sport sciences researchers; But This effects are doubtful. So, this study designed to evaluation of vitamin E supplementation and aerobic training with 55-75% heart rate reserve (HRR) on some of the oxidative stress enzymes. For this aim, forty untrained, healthy and non-smoker male students (age= 21.3±1.5 yrs, height= 176±5.4 cm, and weight= 74.2±14 kg) divided into 4 groups accordingly: 1: vitaminE + aerobic training; 2: aerobic training + placebo; 3: vitaminE; 4: placebo. Research design involved usage of 400 mg vitamin E per day and aerobic training with 50-75% HRR (three days per week). Before and after program, blood samples were collected at rest and post-exhaustive exercise. Analysis of variance and paired sample Hest were used for analyses of date.The results showed that vitamin E supplementation and aerobic training didn't significantly differ between groups in CK and LDH enzymes at rest and post-exhaustive exercise, but exhaustion time was significantly differed between group 1 and group 2 with group 4. It can be concluded that, 8 weeks vitamin E supplementation and aerobic training didn't coincide with beneficial changes in oxidative stress profile of non-athletic males, but changed their condition. So, probably lock of interaction effects of vitamin E supplementation and aerobic training could be due to low intensity and duration of program and vitamin E amount.

This Study compared the effect of interval and continuous aerobic exercises on Erythropoietin concentration to specify the superior method. For this reason 50 male students (age: 19-23) were randomly selected and assigned to two groups of 25. They were trained for 8 Weeks and 5sessions in each week, each session lasted, one group used interval exercise activity while, the other used continues exercise activities. The Samples were participated pre- test and post tested for the varieties of human concentration as the main variables and RBCs, M.C.V and V02max as control variables. According to the finding of this study, interval and continuous running had no significant effect on the varieties of hormone concentration of EPO (P=0/635, T=-0/482, P=0/230, T=-1/244). Interval aerobic running significantly were effective on the number of RBCs, and amount of V02max P=0/000, T=5/480, P=0/008, T=2/967). But there was not any significance on M.C.V (P=0/627, T=0/493). In the other hand, there was not any significant effect on the number of RBCs and M.C.V due to continuous aerobic running (P=0/844, T=-0/199. P=0/563, T=-0/588), but it significantly increased the amount of V02max (P=0/027, T=-2/385). As continuous activities significantly stimulated and increased the production of RBCs and V02max reaction during interval exercises was three times as large as during continuous exercises, one can conclude that interval aerobic exercises have a better effect on EPO in comparison with continuous aerobic exercises. So athletes are suggested to use interval exercises to improve the aerobic capacity of their skeletal muscles better and consequently be more successful in competitions.

In the research, Aerobic Octal Test (AOT) is designed and its psychometric properties including reliability, and logical, content, and construct (known groups) validities were examined. The Subjects included 71 pupils (7-11 years), 60 students (18-22 years), 36 healthy adults (42-73 years), and 18 cardiac patients (48-72 years) selected by purposeful cluster sampling. There were 9 sub-groups for the study including: 20 girls (7 years), 27 girls (9 years), 24 girls (11 years), 23 girl-students, 37 boy-students, 13 old women, 13 old men, 8 women (cardiac patients), and 10 men (cardiac patients).The students had to do three AOT tests during a week, but the other subjects just did one test. The information of students was used to calculate the reliability of AOT by infraclass correlation analysis. Records of the first AOT of students along with records of other sub-groups were used to calculate the known-groups validity of AOT by one-way ANOVA.Reasons for logical and content validity of AOT are presented expansively in the article. The subjects were tested in spite of age, gender, and health variability and they all could achieve AOT easily. The reliability of test in three times during a week was 0.98. Construct validity was approved as different sub-groups achieved AOT accordingly (p<0.0001), in the other hand, those of groups having a higher aerobic capacity, during the AOT, got the higher intensity. This study showed that AOT had an excellent practicality and reliability, as well as good construct, content, and logical validity. Therefore, it seems that AOT could be introduced as a good alternative for progressive aerobic tests such as 20-minuteShuttleRun, 6-MinuteWalk Test, and Chester Step Test.

The aim of present research was examines relationship of coping strategies, goal orientation and competitive anxiety with sport performance in the group and individual athletes. The research sample consisted 178 students were selected through random sampling method. The subjects completed of Sport Coping Questionnaire, Goal Orientation Inventory, Anxiety Inventory and Checklist of Sport Performance. The results showed that task coping strategies in group athletes is related to sport performance (r=0.23). The goal orientation in individual(r=0.28) and group (r=0.22) and athletes is related to sport performance. Also competitive anxiety in group athletes is related to sport performance (r=-.033). Also, goal orientation was the best predictor for sport Performance in the group sports, while goal orientation and competitive anxiety were the best predictors for sport performance in individual sports. The results of indicated that high-level of coping strategies and goal orientation increases sport performance. Also, low level of competitive anxiety increases sport performance.