Internal Medicine Today
Year:2012 | Volume:18 | Issue:2 (56)|Papers Count:13

Background and Aim: Early dysmenorrhea is a painful menstruation which happens without any pelvic pathological disorder and about 80% of women experience it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight-week aerobic exercise trainings and detraining on the severity of dysmenorrhea and the amount of menstrual blood flow in non-athlete students.Materials and Methods: This study was semi-experimental in which sixty subjects were selected from students of Lorestan universities. After evaluating health status, early dysmenorrhea diagnosis and severe menstrual blood flow, the subjects were randomly divided into two equal control and exercise groups. The experimental group participated in an eight-week aerobic exercise training, three sessions per week. The severity of dysmenorrhea and the amount of menstrual blood flow were measured before and after exercise training and also after 48 days of detraining. Repeated measures of ANOVA and Cochran Q were used to analyze data.Results: The aerobic exercise training significantly decreased early dysmenorrhea and menstrual blood flow in experimental group (p=0.001), but the positive effect of aerobic exercise training on the dysmenorrhea and menstrual blood flow was totally disappeared after 48 days of detraining (p=0.000).Conclusion: It seems that performing regular aerobic exercise training can be used as a preventing, treating or supplementary treating method in control of the early dysmenorrhea and the severe menstrual blood flow in non-athlete students.

Background and Aim: Circulating concentrations of adiponectin seem to play an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular risk factors throughout life, but the related mechanisms are not well understood. The objective of this study was to compare the serum adiponectin of obese and normal weight males and also the association among anthropometrical and lipid profile with the serum adiponectin in obese males.Material and Methods: In the present analytical-solidarity study, the body mass index, some other anthropometrical indexes and also glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low and high density of lipoprotein concentration were measured in 45 adult obese males after 12–14 hours of overnight fasting, and the relationships were determined through serum adiponectin. Fasting serum adiponectin was also measured in 35 normal weight males. Independent T-test was used for comparing the serum adiponectin in obese and normal weight males. Pearson correlation analyses were used to determine the adiponectin in relation to other variables in obese males using SPSS software V.15.0. P values lower than 0.05 were accepted as significant.Results: Serum adiponectin measured by Eliza method showed that serum adiponectin was significantly lower in obese subjects than normal weight subjects (5.44±1.23 in obese versus 7.56±1.32 in normal group, (P=0.021). Adiponectin level correlated with total cholesterol (R=0.50), LDL (R=0.56), Glucose (R=0.54), triglyceride/high density lipoprotein (R=0.53), systolic (R=0.57) and diastolic (R=0.45) blood pressures and age (R=0.45) (P≤0.05).Conclusion: The findings showed that obesity is associated with low serum adiponectin and this anti inflammatory cytokine is a predictor index of cardiovascular rick factor in obese subjects.

Background and Aim: Allergic diseases are among the most important health problems in childhood. In this study, we decided to compare the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema in rural and urban children in Gonabad.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Gonabad in 1390.1626 urban and rural children aged 12-18 years participated in this study using multi-stage sampling. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire (ISAAC) was used to evaluate the prevalence of allergic symptoms in children. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16. The Chi-Square tests were used for comparison of qualitative variables between the two groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to show the strength of association. A two-tailed analysis was considered statistically significant (p<0.05).Results: Of the 1626 students, 876 (53.8%) were boys and 751 (46.2%) were girls. Mean age of children was 14.5±1.8.1219 (74.9%) of students were living in urban and 407 (25.1%) were living in rural areas.617 (38%) of students had at least one allergic symptom at some time in their life and there was no statistical difference between rural and urban ones (p-value=0.141). However, a 12-month prevalence of rhinitis symptoms was significantly higher in urban children than that in rural ones (p-value=0.020).Conclusion: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was higher in urban children than that in rural ones which may be related to urbanization risk factors.

Background and Aim: Some studies have shown the detrimental effect of lead on bone mineral density. We investigated the interactive effects of exercise and turmeric extract on the regional bone mineral density of femur bone in rats exposed to lead acetate.Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 50 rats were randomly assigned to groups, Lead acetate, Exercise+lead, Turmeric Supplementation+lead, Exercise+Turmeric+Lead and control (Shamoperate) group. Rats received lead acetate (20 mg/kg) and/or turmeric extract (30 mg/kg), 3 days in a week for 8 weeks. Endurance exercise was performed 5 days a week, with progressive speed and time. The data of BMD and the other variables were analyzed by using SPSS software version 16 employing one-way ANOVA at P≤0.05 level.Results: MDA and TAC concentrations were significantly lower and higher in the exercise, turmeric and the exercise+turmeric groups, compared with lead group, respectively. In addition, endurance exercise and/or training+turmeric not only led to decrease in lead-induced BMD levels, but also resulted in a significant increase in BMD levels, in particular, femur and distal epiphysis regions compared with lead and sham groups.Conclusion: The lifestyle such as exercise training and antioxidant supplementation can offer beneficial effects for preventing loss Lead-induced administration in femur BMD, in particular, in regions with spongy bony tissue.

Background and Aim: Enuresis in children is a common disorder associated with various factors. In addition to the awareness regarding the frequency of this phenomenon, identifying the most common and important related factors is essential for planning and preventive interventions. Therefore, this study was performed on school children in Gonabad.Materials and Methods: This descriptive and analytical study was performed among school children in Gonabad. The subjects included 250 boys and girls who were selected randomly based on multi-stage sampling. The data were collected from families by using a questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software version 14 using appropriate descriptive and inferential tests such as T student and Chi-square. Statistical results were considered significant if lower than 0.05 level of significance.Results: 39.6 percent of the participants were boys and 60.4 percent were girls all in different stages of elementary schools. Frequency of enuresis in children was 8.6 percent and there was a significant difference among boys and girls (p=000). gender, family history, drinking too much liquid before sleeping, crying in bed, nail biting were the most important factors and associated symptoms in our study. Also, statistical tests showed a significant difference between enuresis and all these factors.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the prevalence of enuresis is significant. Psychological, cultural, social and nutritional factors related to enuresis make it necessary to provide consulting services and health care information to the families.

Background and Aim: Forgiveness and empathy have a principal role in the quality of physician-patient relationship. Concerning the importance of examining the effective and determining variables in the quality of relationship physician-patient, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between forgiveness and empathy among medical and nursing students.Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on198 medical and nursing students (83 males, 115 females) who were selected randomly to answer the interpersonal reactivity index questionnaire (IRI, Davis, 1983), and Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS, Thompson et al., 2005). The data were analyzed through SPSS software version 18 and using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient for which p value≤0.05 was significant.Results: The results showed that forgiveness had a positive and significant correlation with empathy. The results also indicated that self-forgiveness had a positive and significant correlation with dimension of empathy. Further, the results revealed that other forgiveness had a positive and significant correlation with dimension of empathy. Moreover, the results pointed out that situation forgiveness had a positive and significant correlation with dimension of empathy.Conclusion: Forgiveness can play an important role in relationship of empathy and insight the quality of physician-penitent relationship. The implications and limitation of this study and the suggestion for the further research are discussed.

Background and Aim: Overweight is associated with hormonal and inflammation changes. The acute effect of circuit resistance exercise on these inflammation factors in the obese persons and particularly in girls has almost been overlooked. The purpose of the present study was to examine the response of plasma leptin and CRP to one session of resistance exercise in over-weight girls.Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 10 healthy over-weight girls (age average: 20.44±1.5 years old, height: 160±4.8 cm, weight: 69±6.5 kg., BMI≥6.5 kg/m2, and fat percent: 37.3±3.6) were selected.Incremental circuit resistance training included 10 stations and three circles for which the subjects were trained with 40, 50, and 60 percent of 1RM, respectively. The rest between the stations and circles was 30 seconds and 2-3 minutes, respectively. The blood sample was taken before and immediately after training. One week later, the same samples were taken under similar conditions without training. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software V.11.0 and the data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: Exercise did not cause a significant change on the plasma level of leptin (P=0.63), C-Reactive Protein (P=0.22) and red blood sell (P=0.64). However, exercise significantly increased white blood sell (P<0.05), and decreased hematocrit (P<0.05) and mean corpuscular volume (P<0.05).Conclusion: Executing exercise with higher intensity and periods and higher energy expenditure and/or exercising in fasting state can probably create more desirable changes in these variables which could be considered in future studies.

Background and Aim: Chest X-Ray (CXR) is a simple and low-cost imaging modality for recommendation or diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Radiographic findings of pulmonary TB could be considerably variable in different age groups. The goal of this study is to evaluate the incidence of radiologic findings of pulmonary TB in pediatric and adult age groups and to assess their dissimilarities.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective descriptive-analytical study, we reviewed CXR of the patients with pulmonary TB during 5 years, between September 2005 and August 2010, at against TB Center of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. The relation between age and radiographic findings, including lymphadenopathy, pneumonic consolidation, calcification, pleural effusion, atelectasia, bronchectasia, cavity and necrotic lesions, milliary pattern and normal CXR, was assessed.Results: Of 197 patients which included 126 (64%) were female and 71 (36%) were male. Thirty two patients (16.2%) were children (aged 0-13 years) and 165 patients (83.8%) were adults (≥14 years). In pediatrics group, lymphadenopathy was the most radiographic finding (87.5%) and in adults group, pneumonic consolidation was the most radiographic finding (78.2%).Conclusion: In pediatric pulmonary TB, lymphadenopathy is the most common radiographic finding, in comparison to adults group in which pleural effusion, cavity and necrotic pulmonary lesions, bronchiectasis, calcification and milliary pattern are significantly more common.

Background and Aim: Cyanide is a highly toxic compound which is found normally in the wastewater of numerous industries, such as Electroplating. The release of this compound into the environment has a lot of health hazards. The Purpose of this study was to compare the electrochemical oxidation efficiency with chemical precipitation method for cyanide removal from industrial wastewater.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted experimentally in a pilot system. In this study, the optimum conditions such as pH, Fe/CN-and reaction time were investigated in the Ferrous Sulfate precipitation method for cyanide removal from wastewater of electroplating industries by the use of jar test. It also investigated the effect of pH, voltage and operation time for total cyanide removal by electrochemical oxidation method by applying a stainless steel as an anode and copper as a cathode. And finally, the efficiency of two methods was compared.Results: In the Ferrous Sulfate Precipitation method, the optimal conditions were obtained for the removal of cyanide at (pH 6.5, and 10:1 Molar Ratio and Operation Time 60 minutes). In these conditions, the removal efficiency was 93 percent. In the electrochemical method, the optimal conditions were obtained at the voltage of 9V and pH=13 and the operation time of 90 minutes in which the average percentage removal of cyanide was about 88 with SD=2.43. The results statistically confirmed the significant relationship between cyanide removal efficiency and optimal conditions in both methods (p<0.05). But comparison of the two methods showed that the cyanide removal efficiency in the electrochemical method was as much as the chemical precipitation method.Conclusion: Due to the high cyanide removal efficiency and achieving the standards for effluent disposal to the environment, it seems that ferrous Sulfate precipitation method is more useful.

Background and Aim: Nursing is one of the most stressful jobs and the stress involved leads to the nurses' dissatisfaction and abandoning their occupation. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of stress and stress management methods among nurses based on PRECEDE model Materials and Methods: A descriptive-analytical design was used in this study. The sample size was 237 nurses from Hamadan hospitals who completed the scales of PRECEDE, NSS, PSS and Job Satisfaction. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square, Spearman coefficient of correlation and ANOVA) through SPSS software V.13.Results: The results showed that 51.5% of nurses perceived intermediate level of occupational stress and 5.9% of them had high job stress levels.40% of the subjects had high level of psychological stress and 75.1% of them were dissatisfied with their jobs. Reverse correlation between job satisfaction and perceived stress was seen (r=-0.231). The level of knowledge was average and enabling factors were low. The majority of subjects (90%) didn't have any reinforcing factors.Conclusion: Due to the nature of nursing job and the results of this study, designing and implementing job stress management programs based on PRECEDE model to decrease job stress and increase job satisfaction are suggested.