JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Year:2010 | Volume:9 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

In order to assess the position of ionocyte cells and Na+- K+ ATPase in kidney tubules of juveniles of Epinephelus coioides using immunolocalization method, a total of 7 specimens were prepared and fixed in the bouin’s solution for 24 h. After fixation, specimens were dehyderated through a graded ethanol series and embedded in paraffin. Then, the serial sections of 5 m were mounted onto glass slides. The slides were stained by applying H&E and PAS methods for histological examination. Primary (IgG 5) and secondary (FITC) antibodies were used for immunohistochemical staining. In this study, fluorescent microscope includes 450- 490 nm filters was used for observation of ionocytes cells.Histology of kidney tubules showed that nephrons consist of glomerules, proximal tubules, distal tubules and collective tubules. The proximal tubules were detectable with their brush border. Ionocyte cells were detectable with high frequency of Na+- K+ ATPase in their basolateral membrane, using immunohistochemical method. In the present study, Na+- K+ ATPase was identified in the basolateral membrane of ionocyte cells of nephrone’s tubules, but not observed in glomerules. As was mentioned, ionocyte cells and subsequently Na+- K+ ATPase could be localized in kidney tubules of E. coioides using immunohistochemical method. The results showed that this enzyme is observable in basolateral membrane of ionocyte cells. The presence of enzyme in the basolateral membrane of ionocyte cells, characterized the role of ionocyte cells in osmoregulation.

In this study, the concentrations of heavy metals, such as Pb, Cd and Ni were measured in the muscle, gill and liver of Euryglossa orientalis and in sediments, from Hendijan (Bahreghan) and Daylam fisheries port. The study was carried out on three different sizes of fish in four seasons. Concentrations of Ni and Cd in the sediments were higher than the Global standards. The results showed that concentration of Cd in the liver of fish was higher than in the other organs and the concentration of Ni and Pb in the gill of fish was higher than in muscle. In the fish muscle concentrations of Cd and Pb were higher in comparison to the standards, like WHO, ITS and NHMCR. In the summer, the concentration of heavy metals was higher in the larger size (>25cm) fish. The concentration of heavy metals in Hendijan (Bahreghan) was higher than Daylam Port.

Zooplankton are important wetland organisms that their abundance and distribution are influenced by different physicochemical and biological factors. In this research, the relationship between biomass and abundance of zooplankton with the most important physicochemical water parameters (from summer 2007 to spring 2008) in Hanna Wetland located in eastern part of Isfahan province, were studied. The sampling from three sites in the Hanna Wetland was carried out by vertical haul using a plankton net (140 mm, diameter of 25 cm) in the mid-season for one year. Results showed that the zooplankton biomass and abundance significantly varied in different seasons (P<0.05). The zooplankton biomass in the spring, summer, autumn and winter was estimated to be 26.0, 8.6, 20.9 and 6.2 mg/m3, respectively while the abundance was 99.9, 54.1, 23.9 and 149.6 individuals/L, respectively. Physicochemical water parameters showed significant differences in different seasons (P<0.05). Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, depth of Secchi disk, nitrate and phosphate concentration ranged from 5.3 to 20.7oC, 7.5 to 9.7 ppm, 8.07 to 8.2, 96.9 to 118.9 cm, 1.2 to 5.3 ppm and 0.03 to 1.2 ppm, respectively. The results obtained by Pearson’s correlation showed that the zooplankton biomass in Hanna Wetland had significant correlations with water temperature (P<0.01, r=0.78), pH (P<0.05, r=0.60) and phosphate (P<0.01, r=0.84). In addition, zooplankton abundance correlated significantly with Secchi depth (P<0.05, r=0.64) and nitrate (P<0.05, r=-0.67).

In this study, proximate composition and fatty acid profile of raw, baked and fried kutum fillet (Rutilus frisii kutum) were analyzed. Proximate composition (lipid, protein, moisture, ash) was analyzed by standard methods and fatty acids profile was analyzed after extraction and estrification, by gas chromatography. Results showed that lipid content of fried fish significantly increased compared to other treatments (P<0.05). In the case of cooking effect, moisture content reduced while protein content increased significantly (P<0.05). Ash did not change in any of the treatments. Both cooking methods changed unsaturated fatty acid component significantly (P<0.05). Linoleic acid (C18:2) in fried fish increased compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Frying significantly increased the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content (P<0.05). The n-3/n-6 ratio in raw fish (3.892) was higher than baked (1.893) and fried fish (0.437). In raw fish (2.512), EPA+DHA content was highest but was the lowest in fried fish (1.202 gr/100 gr w.d). Baked kutum appeared to be a more valuable fish dish for obtaining the officially recommended appropriate daily intake of EPA+DHA and higher n3/n6 ratio for human consumption.

Bamdej wetland is a riverine wetland in Khouzestan province, Iran and it provides suitable habitats for many bird species. Conservation work of this wetland was affected by land cover spatial pattern and unconscionable land use. Aim of this study was to investigate the changes in landscape spatial pattern in Bamdej wetland and its neighbouring areas. Land cover maps were obtained from 1989 and 2008 Satellite images. For analysis of changes in spatial patterns the parameters used were NP (Number of Patches), CA (Total (Class) Area), PLAND (Percentage of Landscape), LSI (Landscape Shape Index), IJI (Interspersion and Juxtaposition Index), MPS (Mean Patch Shape) and LPI (Largest Patch Index) landscape metrics. The results showed that, spatial landscape in the study area was fragmented, and more complexity and more irregular occurred. Results of metrics analysis showed water and brushwood classes as ecological and valuable habitats 4% and 6% losses respectively. Also 9% increase in bareland indicated signs of replacement of ecological and economical land with unvalued lands.

Induction of triploidy in many all female fishes has economic application as it leads to increased growth and better flesh quality. Decrease or suppression of gonad development which is the result of fish sterilization and absence of secretion of sexual hormones causes positive effects on flesh quality indices. In the present study, flesh quality of all female triploid and diploid rainbow trout were compared by determining amounts of moisture, dry matter, total fat, protein, ash and energy using standard method of AOAC. In addition, viscera somatic index was determined. The results revealed that flesh proximate analyses of all female triploids were different compared to maturing diploid fish in the last months leading to sexual maturity in the second year of culture that is related to undeveloped gonads. At the end of sampling period, amount of moisture was significantly lower in triploids, but protein, lipid, energy, ash and dry matter were significantly lower in diploids due to their consumption for maturation (P>0.05). In conclusion, culture of al female triploid rainbow trout could be recommended for fish culturists who wish to continue the fish culture operations over maturation age and supply bigger fish to the market. Moreover, flesh total lipid and protein are retained as they are not utilized for maturation and therefore stable flesh quality could be ensured.

Visible light has a narrow part of electromagnetic wave spectrum. There are two ways for studying light propagation in different media. One is the study of physical properties of light and its variations in a medium and the other is solving its equations. In the present the second method was chosen and Maxwell’s equations which describe electromagnetic waves nature were used to study the light propagationin different media. We applied a light beam normal to water and propagate straightforward which has a wave length about 6000 Ao. A Fortran program was used to solve the equations by finite difference method and the wave intensity was calculated using I=e0E2c. Wave intensity profile showed that light beam intensity in water is very low and decays rapidly.