Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Year:2002 | Volume:6 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

INTRODUCTION: Sodium bicarbonate is frequently used in cookery by women and youngsters. Calcium is one of the most important factors in growth, pregnancy and lactation and it`s fluctuation may cause irreversible effects on human beings and animals. This study was done to show the effects of sodium bicarbonate on serum calcium level in rats. MATERIALS & METHODS: In this study three age and sex matched groups of rats (A: n=15, B: n=15, C: n=15) were selected. 5 g/kg and 10g/kg of sodium bicarbonate were added to the diet of group A and group B of animals respectively. Group C of animals was considered as control group. After 3 months aniaml groups were anesthesied using ether and blood samples were obtained from the heart of the rats. Serum from plasma samples were separated and serum calcium level were measured.RESULTS: The serum calcium level in groups A, B and C were 7.9 mg/dl, 6 mg/dl and 8.5mg/dl respectively. Serum calcium level in group B of animals was significantly different from the other groups. No significant difference was found between group A and B animals regarding serum calcium level. CONCLUSION: With respect to the result of this study addition of sodium bicarbonate to the diet of rats may decrease serum calcium level and it may also affect some biochemical reactions.

INTRODUCTION: Rhythmic breathing is a pain distraction method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rhythmic breathing on pain sensation and analgesic intake after orthopedic surgery.MATERIALS & METHODS: This study was semi-experimental clinical trial and the statistical population was 68 post operation orthopedic inpatients which divided into experimental (n=34) and control groups (n=34). Data was collected by questionnairs and visual pain analog scale (VAS). Experimental group underwent rythmic breathing edueation 24 hours before surgical operation while control group was treated routinely. Pain intensity and analgesic intake were measured and recorded for 24 hours after surgical operation in both groups RESULTS: Pain intensity and analgesic intake were significantly reduced in experimental group as compared to control group. CONCLUSION: Rhythmic breathing can be used as an effective method for reducing pain sensation after surgery in orthopedic inpatients.

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by an acid fast bacillus, mycobacterium tuberculosis or mycobacterium bovis and is the most common cause of death due to an infectious agent. A combination of drugs is prescribed for tuberculosis patients. One of the main adverse effects of prescribed drugs is elevation of liver enzymes.The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of liver enzymes elevation among tuberculosis patients after drug therapy. MATERIALS & METHODS: 309 tuberculosis patients (15-91 years old) were selected by census method, in 1999-2000. Liver enzymes were measured at the beginning, 15 and 30 days following the treatment initiation.RESULTS: At the beginning of the treatment no one showed liver enzymes elevation. 15 days after the beginning of the treatment 68 subjects (22%) showed an elevation in liver enzymes (2 to 15 times more than normal). 30 days after the treatment initiation only 13 subject (4.2%) showed elevation in the level of their liver enzymes.CONCLUSION: This study showed that drug-induced elevation in liver enzymes of tuberculosis patients in Sanandaj is within the mean reported in other areas. Even though drugs are tolerated by the patients, more percuation must be considered about older patients and in case of combination therapy.

INTRODUCTION: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant tumor in human. Nonmelanotic skin cancers make a major health problem through the world. This study was designed to investigate the epidemiology of BCC in Kurdistan province from 1998 to 1999.MATERIALS & METHODS: The population under study in this descriptive research included patients with BCC who was diagnosed between 1998 to 1999. Data was collected by interviewing the patients or from their files and was analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. RESULTS: Of 117 diagnosed BCC cases 60 cases (51.3%) were male. The incidence rate of BCC was 9 per one hundred thousand. 63% of cases were urbanite and the rest was rural. Only 3 cases had a positive history of BCC in their first family. 17 cases had experienced the tumor recurrence in the same area. Anatomically, nose was involved in 76 cases (65.8%). Mean age of the patients was 59.6 (SD=14.6) and the most of BCC cases were belong to 60-69 years old age group.CONCLUSION: This study showed that neck and head BCC is a major health problem in the province. With respect to the age of the patients we suggest periodical study to reveal the risk factors of the disease in the province.

INTRODUCTION: Scoliosis is a lateral deviation in vertebral column accompanied by rotation of the vertebrae on a vertical axis. This deformity is one of the most common disorders in youngsters. Many screening tests and researches are conducted in this regard. MATERIAL & METHODS: This study was descriptive and the statistical population included all secondary school students in Sanandaj. The method of sampling was randomized cluster sampling and the collected data was analyzed by SPSS-Win soft ware.RESULTS: In this study 1981 secondary school students (981 male and 1000 female) were examined. Mean age of the students was 13.44 years (SD=10/3). Of these cases 527 cases (26.6%) were screened primarily and referred to orthopedic clinic for further investigations. The prevalence of the scoliosis was 2.8% (55 cases) and the rate of the disease was significantly higher in males.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the prevalence of scoliosis in secondary school students of Sanandaj is moderate. To reveal the cause of high prevalence of scoliosis in male students of Sanandaj further studies is recommended

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of atopic diseases had been increased significantly in recent decades. It seems that genetic predispostion accompanied with environmental factors play a considerable role in incidence of atopic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence rate of atopic diseases (asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis and atopic dermatitis) in Sanandaj and their relation with birth order and parental age at the date of birth. MATERIALS & METHODS: In this study Sanandaj was divided into three main regions according to the population and socioeconomic situation. The statistical population was 3500 men (age=16 to 26 years). Data was collected by trained interns and nurses in a questionnair, then encoded and analyzed by SPSS-win software. RESULTS: Of 3500 examined samples the frequency involvement of intrinsic asthma, seasonal asthma and atopic dermatitis were 2.1%, 4.3% and 14.5% respectively.The frequency of rhinitis or conjunctivitis (or both) was 17.9%. High birth order had a decreasing effect on seasonal asthma (P<0.05) and significantly increased prevalence of atopic dermatitis (paternal age at birth time showed the same results). Increased maternal age had decreasing effect on prevalence of seasonal asthma (P<0.04).CONCLUSION: This study showed that the prevalence of atopic diseases in studied populution was as high as the rate seen in developed countries. Regarding the result of this study with the exception of atopic dermatitis which needs further studies, birth order and parental age had a decreasing effects on other atopic diseases.

INTRODUCTION: Anemia is one of the main complication in hemodialysis patients which is accompanied by many adverse effects. Indadequate production of erythropoetin is the main cause of anemia in hemodialysis patients and a reduction in iron resources or iron availability is the most common cause of EPO resistance. Iron overload and deficiency are accompanied by pathologic effects. The precise measurement of iron indices is a necessity in hemodialysis patients.MATERIAL & METHODS: Statistical population included all hemodialysis patients with erythropoetin therapy referred to Tohid dialysis center in Sanandaj in 2001-2002. Data including demographic characteristics of the patients, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, serum SI level, TIBC and ferritin were measured and recorded in check lists. Data was analyzed in accordance with the mentioned variables. RESULTS: Almost all of the cases (97.6%) were anemic. 53.7% of the cases had an abnormal serum iron, 4.9% showed significant increase in T.I.B.C and 19.5% of them showed serum ferritine <100mg/ml. 4.9% of the cases had a MCV less than 85 fL and in 34.1% of the cases MCH was less than 25pg.CONCLUSION: Our study showed that approximately all of the hemodialysis patients managed by erythropoetin referred to Sanandaj dialysis center were anemic. With respect to the fact that iron deficiency is the most common cause of EPO resistance, evaluation of iron indices in these patients is recommended. According to the results of this study SI/TIBC and MCH are the best indices for evaluating iron statue in hemodialysis patients. Normal MCV reported in this study can be considered as an indicator for folic acid and Vit B12 deficiency and is necessary for a proper management.

INTRODUCTION: Scientific progress especially in the second half of the 20th century brought about relative welfare to human beings. It also established new problems such as road accidents which is one of the three main social, economical and health risk factors in the world. Accidents in general and road accidents in especial are a serious problem in Iran. Based on available data, road accidents are the second important case of the death in Iran and it makes heavy cost to national economy.MATERIALS & METHODS: This study was retrospective cross sectional and data was collected from relevant documents in legal medicine and Iranian transport organizations. Data was belong to 2209 led to death road accidents happened in Tehran province during 1999 which was analyzed by SPSS-win software. RESULTS: This study showed that the age of the majority of the victims (22.3%) was between 21-30 years. The main cause of the death was head injury (59.2%) and the highest percentage of victims was belong to pedestrians (54.6%). The most common site of trauma in victims` body was head (42.1%).CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, precise supervision on execution of traffic laws and rules by drivers, public traffic safty education for students and derivers and qualitative and quantitative development of rescue systems are suggested.