Armaghane Danesh
Year:2019 | Volume:23 | Issue:6 (131) |Papers Count:13

Background & aim: Non-alcoholic liver disease is the main liver disease associated with malnourished diet and overweight habits. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 8 weeks of intense intolerant training (HIIT) and low intensity endurance training (LIET) on Hig2 gene expression and liver triglyceride content in fatty liver (NAFLD) rats. Methods: In the present experimental study, 40 male wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups. The control group, LIET and HIIT, who consumed high fatty foods for the first sixteen weeks with the aim of developing fatty liver, and the sham group that used standard food during this period. The HIIT group's practice consisted of stages of extreme riding based on a percentage of maximum speed, which was separated by low-intensity running as active rest. The practice of the LIET group was also matched according to the distance traveled by the HIIT group. At the end of 8 weeks of training, the expression of Hig2 gene and liver fat content were measured. The collected data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests. Results: A significant difference was seen between the two groups in the expression of Hig2 (P = 0. 026) and IHL (K2 = 32. 84, p = 0. 001). Significant differences were observed in Hig2 between the control group and the HIIT group (p = 0. 031) and the control group with PID (p = 0. 012), but no significant differences were observed in Hig2 between the HIIT group and the IR group (453/0 = p). Also, there were significant differences in IHL between control group and HIIT (p = 0. 001) and control group with PID (p = 0. 001). Also, there were significant differences in IHL between HIIT group and IR group (p = 0. 003). Conclusion: Severe periodic exercises and low-intensity continuous exercises by reducing the expression of Hig2 gene reduce the content of liver fat and improve NAFLD. Also, the reduction of liver fat in the severe periodic exercise group occurs independently of weight loss.

Background & aim: The vascular endothelial growth factor of the tumor, which binds to its receptors at the level of endothelial cells, plays an important role in vascular permeability and tumor angiogenesis. In the present study, a vascular endothelial cell growth factor antagonist peptide (VEGF) was designed with the goal of inhibiting the desired peptide (VGB4) interfering with endothelial growth factor receptors in its receptors, thereby inhibiting the signaling pathways angiogenesis. Methods: In the present experimental study, 42 female Balb / C mice (4 to 6 weeks old) with an average weight of 20 grams were used. Tissue cell line 4T1 was used to model breast cancer. It turned out after subcutaneous transplantation of mammary tumors in animals, daily intraperitoneal injection of different doses of VGB4 peptide (10, 5, 2. 5, 1, 0. 25 mg / kg) for 14 days, and the antitumor potential of different peptide concentrations during the injection period compared to the control was statistically analyzed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan tests. Results: Increasing the doses of peptide reduced the tumor growth in treated groups, but no significant inhibitory effect was seen on tumor growth by increasing the dose from 5 mg / kg to 10 mg / kg. Therefore, the dose of 5 mg / kg is the best anti-tumor dose of the VGB4 peptide. Conclusion: VGB4 peptide had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of breast cancer carcinoma of the 4T1 cell line. Due to the effects of VIT4 antitumor, it may be possible to use this peptide for cancer treatment in the future.

Background & aim: Cardiovascular disease is one of the principal causes of mortality in the world. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Physical activity improves the antioxidant status of the heart tissue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of oxidative and antioxidant indices of the heart tissue of exposed male rats exposed to doxorubicin after eight weeks of severe routine training and consumption of crocin. Methods: In the present experimental study, 50 male Wistar rats with a mean age of 8 weeks and an average weight of 200-220 g were randomly assigned to 5 healthy control groups (saline), doxorubicin (control), doxorubicin crocin, doxorubicin training, and doxorubicin crocin training. The training groups completed the course with two severe periods in the first week and completed 8 severe periods in the last weeks. After 8 weeks, malondialdehyde levels (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes activity were measured in cardiac tissue. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, two way ANOVA. Results: Data analysis indicated a significant increase in malondialdehyde level and a significant decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase and heart catalase in Doxorubicin group compared to healthy control group (p=0. 001). Moreover, the results revealed a significant decrease (P=0. 001), crocin (p=0. 001), and the combination of exercise and crocin (p=0. 025), and a significant increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. In the result it was found that exercise (p=0. 001), crocin (p=0. 001), and exercise combinations (p=0. 005) showed that in the comparison between the groups, the effect of exercise and crocin alone success. There was no significant difference, but there was a significant difference between their combined effect and the effect of each of these two interventions (exercise and crocin) alone, and these two effects amplified each other (p=0. 001). Conclusion: It seems that regular high intensity interval training, supplementation of crocin, or a combination of these two, could be achieved by decreasing levels of oxidative index, malondialdehyde and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase and catalase of heart tissue, protective effects against oxidative damage of doxorubicin have. It appeared that combining these two interventions may have a better preventive and therapeutic strategy than their one-way use.

Background & aim: The positive effects of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on reinforcement of healthy muscle tissue metabolism pathways have been long proven. One of the side effects of diabetes is the impairment of glucose metabolism and muscle fat. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of HIIT on Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene expression in skeletal muscle of rats with type II diabetes. Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats (age: 8 weeks, weighing 250 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 12): basal, healthy control, diabetes, HIIT, diabetes and exercise group. Before the starting of the training program, all groups except the basal group and control and exercise were injected with nicotinamide-streptozotocin (STZ) by peritoneal injection to induce diabetic model. The training rats were treated for 8 weeks, 5 days a week, with an intensity of 80 to 85% of maximum speed to HIIT exercises. 48 hours after the last training session, after anesthesia, soleus muscle was removed and mRNA RBP4 and mRNA AMPK were measured. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test (P <0. 05). Results: The induction of diabetes caused a significant increase in the mRNA RBP4 rate. While the reduction in this gene was significant in the diabetic exercise group and exercise group compared with the diabetic group (p=0. 003). Performing a HIIT exercise significantly increased AMPK mRNA levels compared with the control group for diabetes (p=0. 001). Also, the increase of this gene in the diabetic exercise group and exercise was significantly more than the diabetes group (p=0. 002) Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that the use of HIIT exercise lessens the destructive effects of diabetes by increasing the key factor in muscle cellular metabolism of AMPK (stimulating the increase of GLUT transfer) and reducing RBP, it could be effective in improving insulin resistance of the muscle cell.

Background & aim: Educational and educational programs have a certain role in the progress of each society. The aim of this study was to compare the midwifery students' satisfaction with the teaching of gynecology and infertility by lecture and peer instruction. Methods: In the present Quasi-experimental study, continuous midwifery students in 2017 were selected as the research community. Five semester midwifery students (22 students) were selected as research sample and 3 units of women's diseases and infertility as educational materials. Half of the teaching materials were taught by the professor in the first eight sessions of lectures and eight second sessions were taught by counterparts. At the end of both educational methods, students were asked to complete a questionnaire on satisfaction with the method of instruction. All students received informed consent for participation in the research. Data were analyzed by paired t-test. Results: The mean score of satisfaction with the lecture teaching method and peer teaching method was 83. 77± 9. 74, and 81. 36± 10. 58 respectively (p=0. 49). The average satisfaction score of the lecture method in the area of creating interest and encouragement to participate in learning less than the peer education method (p=0. 008), while respecting the principles and regulations related to teaching (p=0. 005), in the field of testing and The evaluation of the content of the curriculum was also higher (p=0. 07) and in the field of the appropriateness of the teaching method and its continuity with peer education was equal. Conclusion: It seemed that the use of active teaching methods had a significant effect on increasing interest in learning and motivation in students, however, students consider the lecture method a better method to understand the content and to follow the principles of teaching more effectively. Using the peer education method is suggested as a complementary method of instruction and teaching.

Background & aim: Blastocystis sp. is an anaerobic parasite which lives in the digestive system and can be a zoonotic parasite in different hosts. This study was carried out to identify subtypes and to investigate the genetic variation of Blastocystis sp. from human samples in Urmia, Tabriz & Maragheh cities Northwest of Iran. Methods: In the present descriptive-cross sectional study, 300 human stools from January to October 2017 were randomly selected from treatment centers in North West of Iran. Based on microscopic observation, positive samples examined by DNA barcoding methods for detection of Blastocystis sp. subtypes and their sequences were analyzed. Results: of the 300 samples, 22 specimens diagnosed as Blastocystis sp. with the microscopic method. Sixteen apart isolates from the positive cases obtained by the molecular method (PCR) and the sequences of the products were examined. Three types of subtypes including ST1, ST2 and ST3 obtained from these samples. One of the samples after two different sequencings, was reported as both of the ST1 and ST3 subspecies, but re-sequencing of the dominant show ST3. Conclusion: There are various subtypes of this parasite in this area. Due to the nature of the subtypes, the zoonotic cycle of this parasite exists in this region. By identifying and determining the Blastocysts subspecies in different hosts as a zoonotic organism, it is possible to detect genetic migration and parasite transmission. It seems that the parasite subtype pattern can be considered in future studies in relation to clinical manifestations.

Background & aim: With the increasing number of elderly people, the prevalence of physical disabilities is increasing, which has caught the attention of care, health and social systems. One of the common problems in aging is the reduction of balance and posture disorder, joint instability, decreased muscle nervous function, muscle mass, strength, motor endurance, aerobic capacity, and increased incontinence and urinary frequency. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of subarachnoid aerobic exercises on urinary control, balance and aerobic capacity of elderly women. Methods: The present is a case-control study was conducted in two stages: pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of the study were women with urinary incontinence problems in Urmia who volunteered to participate in this research after being called in health centers. Based on the criteria for entering the study, twenty-four women aged 60 to 65 years old were selected. Familiarization with the method of conducting the study was done 24 hours prior to the beginning of the training, and then completed with the consent and urinary incontinence questionnaire. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of aerobic training group and the control group. In the next step, the participants were asked to complete the health and urinary incontinence questionnaires 24 hours before the onset of the exercise program. The experimental group performed 12 weeks of aerobic exercises and completed the questionnaires again 24 hours after the 6th and 12th sessions. First, the K-S test confirmed the naturality of the data. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and one way ANOVA. Results: No significant difference was seen in the aerobic group after 12 weeks of aerobic training in volume and frequency of subjects (p=1), but in the closed static balance (p=0. 001), open eye balance (p=0. 001), dynamic balance (p=0. 001) and aerobic capacity (p=0. 001). Conclusion: Subarachnoid aerobic exercises had no significant effect on the incontinence and frequency of urination in elderly women. However, due to the greater influence on the aerobic capacity and balance of elderly women, it is suggested that this practice be used to improve the quality of life of these individuals.

Background & aim: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an immune system-dependent disease with unknown causes and is one of the most important neurological disabling diseases in adults, where the myelin section of the nervous system is destroyed. The link between MS and apoptosis in patients shows that the expression of many genes involved in inhibiting the immune cell apoptosis, such as Survivin gene, which causes more activity in these cells and increases the cerebrospinal fluid damage, has increased. The aim of the present study was to investigate of Polymorphism-31 G/C in the Survivin gene promoter in patients with MS disease and to compare with healthy people and its association with the disease. Methods: In the present case-control study, 100 Blood samples of patients with MS and 100 Blood samples of healthy controls (control) were taken under the direct supervision of a physician and according to clinical signs and laboratory findings, were investigated in a Survivin gene promoter for the polymorphism of G / C31 in a promoter of Survivin gene. In the next step, blood sampling was carried out. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples. The PCR method was used to amplify the Survivin gene and PCR RFLP polymorphism was investigated using the EcoO109I digestion enzyme. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical tests Results: The amplification of Survivin gene with a length of 308 base pairs was observed on the agarose gel. The EcoO109I restriction enzyme produced bands with lengths of 210 and 98 base pairs. A band of 308 base pairs, representing the genotype GG, lengths 210 and 98 base pairs, representing the genotype CC and all three lengths together, represent the GC genotype. After data analysis and validation, genotypic correlation of Polymorphism-31 G/C with the risk of MS disease, in CG genotype was P(0. 330), OR(1. 397) and CI (0. 714-2. 735) and also for CC genotype, it was P(0. 532), OR(0. 800) and CI(0. 397-1. 612). Conclusion: In general, Survivin gene could be used for biomarker and polymorphism tests in MS and other diseases and by studying in larger populations and determining the frequency of alleles and genotypes, it is possible to better determine the role of this gene in future research is a good way to prevent the disease.

Background & aim: Epstein-Barr virus is one of the major causes of Hodgkin's lymphoma present in the Rhodeshtrenberg cells, which is part of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. TRADD gene is an essential adapter for complex signaling and induction of apoptosis, necrosis, activation of NF-kB and MAP Kinase. The present study aimed to examine the methylation pattern of the TRADD gene in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma EBV positive. Methods: The present study was a case-control one. The case group included 80 patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma and the control group was the tumor margin in the case group. Spectrophotometry and electrophoresis on agarose gel were used to determine the quantity and quality of DNA. A change in the pattern of methylation of the TRADD gene was carried out using the EvaGreen method and a comparison of the high resolution melting point with HRM method. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: In the present study, subtypes were respectively 46. 3%, 25%, 11. 3%, 10% and 7. 5% nodular sclerosis, cellular solid, rich lymphocyte, nonspecific lymphocyte and unspecified. Comparison of the transformation pattern of hyperthyllation of TRADD gene in viral samples with non-viral samples was 61. 3% and 32. 5%, which indicated significant changes. Evaluation of the significance of TRADD methylation pattern by segmentation of lymphoma indicated a significant relation between T lymphoma, grade and different stages in presence of EBV virus (P=0. 046). Conclusion: The present study indicated that the methylation pattern of TRADD gene is closely related to EBV viral infections. EBV patients are highly affectd by change in the behavior of the TRADD gene, which results in malpractice of immune cells, and ultimately lymphoma.

Background & aim: Although there are no severe emotional problems among infertile couples, the quality of their marital life is greatly affected by it. Yet, the results of some studies show that for most infertile couples, this experience provides an opportunity to enhance the quality of the relationship with their spouse and become more intimate. The aim of this study was to explore and explain couples' themes about high quality marriage's infertile couples. Methods: This study applied a qualitative approach done by semi-structured interviews with 15 infertile couples who were selected objectively among those who referred to Yazd Infertility Treatment Center. The participants signed informed consent form and answered the Marriage Quality Criterion (RDAS) – only to evaluate the marriage quality-and GHQ-28 Questionnaire – only to recognize the non-clinical population-before starting the interview. Data coding and analyzing was done by thematic analyze. Results: According to the analysis of answers, paired components about marital quality among infertile couples were classified into five basic groups of "Make a happy, healthy marriage, take care of it" "lovely and intimate relation with each other", " Acceptance along with compassion towards and Commitment", "Stress Management and informed stability of marriage", and "A healthy relationship with the world of relationships outside" and 26 sub themes and 85 categories. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the quality of marital life about infertile couples was a multi-dimensional issue and due to lack of native studies about quality of infertile couples' lives, the results of this study could be used to improve the quality level of marital life of infertile couples in Infertile Treatment Centers and Psychological Counseling Centers and bring a basis for future studies in the field of investigating factors relative to marital quality among infertile couples in Iran culture.