Armaghane Danesh
Year:2000 | Volume:5 | Issue:17-18|Papers Count:9

Intestinal parasite infections are one of the most prevalent infections. This type of infection is present in all of the developing countries and is most prevalent in poor populations. In Iran, laboratory and research studies report a high percentage of contamination in most provinces. This study was accomplished in Yasuj and 612 students (321 boys and 291 girls) were examined. Stool examination was performed by Formalin -Ether method at three consecutive times. Scotch tape test was utilized for diagnosis of oxyure. Results showed 59%of cases were infected by one or more intestinal parasites. Contamination rate in boys was 60.4%and in girls it was 57.4%.There was no significant association between them (p<0.443). Contamination rates were as follows: Giardia lamblia (32.2%), Entamoeba coli (24.2%), Endolimax nana (1.5%), Chilomastix mesnili(1.5%), Iodamoeba butschlii(3.9%), Blastocystis hominis(17.1 %), Enterobius vermicularis (23.2%), H.nana (1/9%),Trichuris trichiura (0.16%), Ascaris lumbricoides (0.16%) First grade students had the least infection and third grade students had the greatest.  

An Interventional; and field trial study was carried out in the, Siaho area, (Bandar-Abbas, south of Iran) from 1997 to 1998. In this survey, efficacy of Lambdacyhalothrin- impregnated bed nets was compared in untreated and treated villages, in relation to malaria control. 6 villages with a. total population of 4674 and 2 villages with a total population of 1527were used as treatment and control, respectively. The impregnation of the Nylon nets with target dosage of 25 mg active ingredient (AI)/m2, was carried out in early April, by local health workers. At night, the maximum catch of Anopheline flies was at 23:00 p.m when the people were sleeping under bed net. The use of impregnated bed nets had a significant effect on the incidence of malaria and positive slides but no significant effect was observed in parous rate, human and animal blood behavior and indoor resting density of vectors. The mortality of Anophele stephensi brought in contact with the treated nets for 3 min in bioassay dropped to less than 90% in 4 months. In south of Iran with different vectors, exophilic and endophagic habit, long transmission season, the use of impregnated bed nets with pyrethroid compounds with other integrated control programs and residual spraying are recommended.  

Unwanted pregnancy is one of the most important health and social problems related to family planning. Many factors are related to unwanted pregnancy, that when recognized, can be useful in reducing the cases. This survey is a descriptive study and data has been collected and completed during the follow up of the subjects in an interview. The questionnaires were completed from 430 rural and urban pregnant women. Within this group, we have applied descriptive analytical statistics for data analysis. Based upon the data of this study, the incidence of unwanted pregnancy was 37.9% (CI=35.7-40.7). The Incidence of unwanted pregnancy as a result of some parameters such as age and level of education and some fertility proctices had a statistically significant difference. Results did not show a significant relationship between unwanted pregnancy and knowledge about family planning. Considering the results, we have made suggestions to the health authorities.  

A health education trial by child -to- child method in a primary school was performed in two groups. (One educated by teacher another by students) and the results were compared. It was observed that there was a significant statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05).    

The present research is a semiexperimental study carried out on the prima gravida women who were admitted to a delivery room in Sarri in 1997 to investigate the effect of music on the intensity of pain cm the primary stage of labour. This research was conducted on 80 prima gravida women with ages from 18 to 30 years old who were selected randomly and then divided into two equal experimental and control groups. After being admitted in to the delivery room during initial stages, the intensities of labour pain were measured and recorded by a ruler, and then for the experimental group during the active phase of delivery. The members were allowed to hear classical music by headphones for thirty minutes followed by 30 minutes of silence repeatedly; during which time their pain intensities were also measured and recorded. The data collected for this study were arranged in twelve tables. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and conclusive statistics were used and then x2, t2, t and Cocrain test were the four techniques employed to analyze the collected data statistically. Results obtained indicated that the age group of most subjects of the study was 20-24 years old (45%) and 52.5% of them were city dwellers. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of pain intensity when being admitted to the study. However, significant difference between the experimental and control groups were observed during the active phase of delivery in terms of pain intensities (P < 0.05) so that the average pain intensity during the first stage of delivery in the control group were higher than in the experimental group. In the experimental group, significant difference of labour pain intensities during admittance and first stage of delivery was not observed; but there was a significant difference in the control group. At the final stage of the research, on the basis of the above findings discussed, applications of the results obtained from this study in different fields were presented. and new alternatives for future studies were proposed.  

With regard to the importance of determining the fauna, seasonal and biting activity of the culicidae mosquitoes in Lanjan area of Isfahan province, we undertook this study. The area is one of the rice growing regions of the country and is located close to cities such as Zarrin-Shahr and Mobarakeh. There are many industrial plants such as steel and polyacrylic factories and Defense Industries in the area. Of the total nine culicidae mosquito species, 4 genuses of Culex, Aedes, Culisita and Anopheles were found in the area. Culex theileri; Cx.pipiens, Cx.perexiguswere the most common species and were collected in 90% of cases in both larval and adult catches (light trap and human biting collections). Larvae of this species were active throughout June to September with the main peak in June to July respectively. Species composition in both human biting collection and light trap catches were greatly similar. Almost 50% of blood feeding of this species was observed before midnight, whereas peak blood feeding activity of Aedes vexans and Ae.caspius was mostly around sunset and early evening and in Cs. longiareolata before sunrise. With regard to this study, we have discussed strategies for the control of culicidae species.    

Bullous pemphigoid is a subepidermal blistering skin and mucous membrane disease which usually occurs in the elderly .This research was a demographic study to assess different treatments in 118 patients with pemphigoid in the city of Isfahan. We have evaluated the patients according to their ~ge, sex, site of lesion, concurrent diseases, treatment, recurrence and mortality. The patients, had been admitted and hospitalized in dermatology wards of Al- Zahra and Nor Hospitals during the years 1368 to 1378 (1989-1999). The range of age for onset of pemphigoid was 25 to 92. The largest group of patients was aged between 60-96. The mean of age in females was 62 and in males 65. Pemphigoid was more frequent in women since the overall ratio of female to male was 1.5:1. Involvement of mucousal membrane was 9%. The most frequent concurrent diseases with pemphigoid in order of frequency were diabetes and cardiac diseases. In this study we found that the most effective therapy was oral prednisolone with 75% effectiveness. We observed 32 recurrent cases due to refusal of treatment.    

Glucose- 6- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) is the most common human enzymopathy. G6PD deficiency is an X-linked inherited disease and approximately 200 million people are affected worldwide. The G6PD variants with reduced activity (Mediterranean) produce favism or may cause hemolysis after ingestion of fava beans (Vica Fava). The incidence of G6PD deficiency is most common in south and north of Iran. A cross - sectional study was done among school boy students. A multi- stage cluster sample of 300 students between 9-11 years old were randomly selected for determination of G6PD activity.1 milliliter of wholeblood anticoagulated with EDTA was collected and transferred to clinical laboratory immediately .We used t1uorescent spot test as screening test and we also analyzed clinical manifestations. 38 cases had G6PD deficiency (prevalence of 12.7%). The clinical manifestations were: no clinical manifestations were found (54%), 44%had presented with neonatal jaundice and 2% had suffered a favism crisis. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Yasuj municipality was very high. Most of the carriers were asymptomatic; the most important clinical manifestations were neonatal jaundice and favism. The screening test used is efficient for unmistakable hemizygote detection.