INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES (THE JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES)
Year:2003 | Volume:10 | Issue:3-4|Papers Count:13

The emergence of Kushana in Central Asia not only put an end to several local dynasties, but also prepared the grounds to play an important role in the trade routes. After occupying the territory of Greeco Bacterian and adopting Iranian culture, they put an end to the Indo Scythian and indo Parthian dynasties, becoming the sole ruler in the region and neighbors Parthian. Parthian in a protected war with Romans, concreted their power in Mesopotamia and made a suitable situation for the Kushana to control economic activities in northwest Iran and change the trade routes via their realm. In this paper we are going to investigate the appearance of Kushana in Central Asia and the changes made in the political situation of the regions.

The modern era has entitled the age of information explosion and communication revolution, an era in which everything depends on information. Nowadays, politics, governments, and societies have been incredibly intermingled with mass media more than any other era. The quantitative and qualitative developments in mass media and ICTs have played a significant role in upgrading the political awareness of the audience. The rapidity of socio-political events, universal crises, etc, has necessitated the acquisition of information. This paper demonstrates the impact of mass media, ICTs, and interpersonal relations on the political awareness of undergraduate students at Tehran University. It also discusses the relationship between the participants" trust towards each of these information sources with their level of political awareness.

The Human resource is the most strategic resources for a society and thus for every type of organization. Therefore, choosing employees does play a major role in the productivity of an organization. One of the most important managerial responsibilities is to select new employees for vacant positions. The use of intelligent methods for decision-making in the different branches of human resource management is of high value especially in today’s organizations. For this purpose, knowledge acquisition about the organization and its jobs is very essential. It helps the human resources managers to achieve optimal decision making in respect to the selection process and the other personnel operations. The knowledge acquisition, which is the extraction of knowledge from sources of expertise and its transfer to the knowledge base, is the bottleneck in expert systems development. In this paper, we use a nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) technique for the acquisition of the required knowledge in the selection process with regard to the hidden mental structure of the organizational experts. The acquired knowledge is next used for the development of an expert system.

Peace is one of the major concepts in political philosophy. Various schools in political philosophy and different political philosophers have presented different views about the ways that can help achieving peace among nations. In recent years, the idea of the "clash of civilization" has intensified efforts regarding the issue of peace. In this paper, it has been claimed that "dialogue among civilization" can be a very fruitful way towards peace. Relying upon the "Hermeneutics of Difference", cultural interaction through civilizational dialogue has been formulated as an alternative way for achieving peace.

In most of the education systems throughout the world, art is viewed as a subject of study with secondary importance. This is while art, understood in light of its profound impact on the development of human cultures, can perform unique educational functions that are out of the reach of other subjects. All-round education, therefore, is only obtained through an art-reach education program. Art education has been subject to a historical isolation and inadequate attention in the education system of Iran. Recently, though, policy makers have initiated a comprehensive reform in this area. The initiative starts from the elementary school and will cover all the stages of schooling in a piecemeal style. This article presents the reader with an account of the current situation an reviews the newly adopted art curricula for the elementary school. A critique of the new curricula in light of the author’s version of an ideal curriculum appears in the concluding section of the article.

Dealing with the historical formation of the body of beliefs and ideas that constitute Iranian archaeology requires much more extensive treatment and documentation of the impact of the political history of Iran on the position of Iranian archaeology. It requires also a survey of the degree. To which different groups of individual accepted the dominant interpretation of the past and an evaluation of the reliability of the dominant ideology because there has never been an attempt to provide a critical evaluation of archaeology of Iran, the mechanisms of the various political, social, and economic factors constituting the formation of archaeology are completely unknown. This paper will not attempt to explain the current state of archaeological theory in general, but rather it is an analysis of the current state of the theoretical archaeology in Iran, in order, on the one hand to demonstrate the important reason for such non-theoretical archaeology in Iran, and on the other hand to reflect the maturity of the subject and the principal ideas which Iranian archaeologists will inevitably need for their future developments.