Yafteh
Year:2020 | Volume:21 | Issue:4 (82) |Papers Count:13

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine diseases. Moreover, it is one of the major causes of congenital mental disability in neonates which could be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recalling and prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in Borujerd. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using existing documents in the health centers of Borujerd. According to the national protocol, all neonates were called to the sampling centers of Borujerd within 3 and 5 days after birth. At this stage, infants with TSH>5 were recalled. According to the national guidelines for the screening with regard to congenital hypothyroidism, neonates with a TSH> 10 mlu/L and T4˂ 6. 5 μ g/dL were viewed as patients. Results: Of 13741 screened neonates, 1257 newborns were recalled. The recall rate was estimated to be 9. 14%, of which 1114 infants had TSH ranging from 5 to 9. 9 mlu/L, 120 infants had TSH ranging from 10 to 19. 9 mlu/L, and 23 infants had TSH≥ 20 mlu/L. congenital hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 22 neonates. Hence, the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in Borujerd was 1. 6 in 1000 live births. Conclusion: The prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in Borujerd is higher than the global standard. Hence, it is necessary to investigate the factors associated with the prevalence of this disease.

Background: Medical professional ethics is a structured system for solving ethical issues and providing appropriate solutions in the medical field. The purpose of this study was to design and test the pattern of professional ethics in physicians. Materials and Methods: Reviewing previous studies, the researchers completed and finalized a preliminary list of human resources factors affecting professional ethics components using the Delphi method. For this purpose, 14 professional ethics experts were selected as the expert group using the non-probability sampling method and a combination of purposeful or judgmental and chain methods. In this model, the components were considered as (latent) variables that were measured by relevant indicators (explicit variables) and determined based on structural equation modeling of their impacts on students' professional ethics. Before fitting the model, using SPSSV22 statistical software, the assumption of the normality of data distribution was evaluated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov nonparametric test. Results: The findings were analyzed using a qualitative research method and the Delphi model. The findings of this study led to the identification of 11 components, including conscientiousness, job excellence, integrity and dignity, respect for others, kindness, commitment to social justice, time management, emotional intelligence, confidentiality, ethical knowledge, and moral sensitivity. Among these, time management, emotional intelligence, ethical knowledge and ethical sensitivity are the new achievements of this research. A new index was added to the privacy component, namely electronic patient records. Conclusion: Appropriate fitting of the proposed model to the present research can be useful in formulating the ethical patterns and national plans at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education level.

Background & Objectives: The antioxidant status of the cardiac tissue changes in diabetes, and increases the oxidative damage of the membrane and tissue. Given the possibly positive role of exercise training on antioxidant status, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of six weeks of endurance training on the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the cardiac tissue of healthy and diabetic Wistar rats. Materials & Methods: 24 adult male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 rats: diabetic training group (DT), diabetic control group (DC), healthy training group (HT) and healthy control group (HC). The animals performed 6 weeks of moderate-intensity endurance training. The heart tissues were extracted 24 hours after the last training session in order to measure the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Results: After 6 weeks of endurance training, the changes of glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly different in the diabetic training group compared to the healthy and diabetic control groups with significance levels of (P=0/007) and (P=0/017) respectively. The levels of superoxide dismutase also increased significantly in the diabetic training group compared to the diabetic control group with the significance level of (P=0/025). Conclusion: It appears that moderate-intensity endurance exercise might have a significant effect on the antioxidant system of the heart tissue of diabetic rats. Moreover, it could be helpful in preventing the development of cardiovascular complications from diabetes.

Background: Certain anatomical and physiological changes in most tissues and organs of the body are associated with aging. Physical activity has a significant role in preventing the progressive disorder of body organs during aging due to its effects on the functioning of the humoral and immune systems. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 30 healthy elderly men were divided into 3 groups of aerobic exercise, combined exercise and control group. The exercise sessions were held 3 days a week for 8 consecutive weeks. Aerobic training with an intensity of 60-75% of maximal heart rate reserve was performed. Combined exercises at the same percentage of maximum heart rate and resistance trainings consisted of 5 movements with 60% 1RM intensity which had reached to 75% during the training weeks. ANCOVA and t-test were used to compare the inner and inter group averages at the significant level of P≤ 0. 05. Results: Compared to the control group, the results of the present study showed significant changes in TGF-β 1 level (P = 0. 015) and cortisol (P = 0. 016) in the training groups because of aerobic and parallel trainings. According to the post-test measures, TGF-B1 increased in the combined and aerobic groups, and cortisol significantly decreased in the combined group compared to the pre-test results.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare hormonal and metabolic responses to three types of resistance exercise trainings in non-athlete young men. Materials and Methods: 40 subjects with the mean age of 22. 56 ± 1. 50 and the BMI of 23. 75 ± 55. 5 kg/m2 were randomly divided into four equal groups: (a) low intensity resistance training (20% one repetition maximum) with continuity of blood flow restriction (BFR), (b) low intensity resistance training (20% one repetition maximum) with intermittent BFR, (c) traditional resistance training (80% repetition maximum) with no BFR, and (d) the control group. Subjects performed the barbell curl 4 times until exhaustion and with a 1-minute rest between the sets. Blood sampling was performed before and one hour after the exercise session. Dependent T-Test (intra-group comparison) and One-Way Anova (inter-groups comparison) were used to analyze the data (P≤ 0. 05). Results: The levels of growth hormone and lactate in all three three experimental groups showed a significant increase compared to the baseline (P≤ 0. 001), while insulin-like growth factor was not increased significantly in any of the groups. Inter-group results showed that after a training session, the levels of growth hormone and lactate were not changed significantly between the three experimental groups. Conclusion: It seems that low-intensity resistance exercise trainings and continuous and intermittent blood flow restriction are effective in terms of hormonal and metabolic changes similar to traditional resistance exercise trainings.

Background: In recent years, the use of modern technology has driven traditional learning towards e-learning and has made it a significant teaching device. This led the present study to focus on providing a strategic e-learning model for the students of the virtual education center at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This study is a qualitative research with content analysis approach. The population of the present research consists of all the students of the virtual education center at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected by semi-structured interviews using the snowball method. Sampling was continued until the categories reached theoretical saturation. Fifteen individuals participated in this study. Results: The model framework with four dimensions of e-learning environment features and three main categories (perceptual skill, emotions and self-regulation) were identified that illustrate student e-learning strategies. Its validity and reliability were also confirmed. Conclusion: This strategic e-learning model provides a framework for the systematic analysis of the online learning strategies of students. It provides a general range for understanding and analyzing student online learning and learning strategies.

Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process. The microenvironment of tumors plays a pivotal role in the formation, initiation and progression of tumors. Studies on neoplastic developments focusing on tumor microenvironment events demonstrate its significance in promoting tumor progression. Prior to tumor metastasis, primary tumors secrete factors that create a proper metabolic environment for tumor metastasis. These conditions prepare the microenvironment for better and more efficient tumor growth. On the other hand, tumor cells continuously interact with the surrounding microenvironment, and targeting the tumor microenvironment can complement traditional treatment and improve the therapeutic outcomes for these malignancies. In the present article, the researchers attempt to highlight the importance of tumor microenvironment in tumorigenesis and tumor metabolism.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of metacognitive group therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on cognitive distortions and social anxiety syndrome. Materials and Methods: The method of this study is a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test design and a 2-month follow-up. The statistical sample of this study consisted of 60 students suffering from social anxiety who volunteered to participate in the intervention. Using random sampling, 1500 students were selected based on social anxiety scales and structured clinical interviews. They were randomly divided into three groups (metacognitive group therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and control group). Subjects in the experimental group received metacognitive therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in 10 sessions. All three groups responded to the Watson & Ferind Social Anxiety Questionnaire (1969), and the cognitive distortions (Hamamci and etal, 2004) in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. The collected data were analyzed by analysis of covariance with repeated measures. Results: The results indicated that the metacognitive group therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy were effective on cognitive disturbances and the syndrome of social anxiety (P <0. 001). The results were also kept at the follow-up stage. Conclusion: According to the results, these interventions could be used in combination with drug therapy and other evidence-based therapies for people with social anxiety disorder as an efficient and complementary treatment.

Background: Continuing training programs can improve sport performance. However, these exercises can cause pressure on the hormonal and metabolic systems. Resveratrol might be effective on the improvement of the alterations induced by continuing training. The present study investigated the simultaneous effect of resveratrol consumption and continuous exercise on BDNF and GGT. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 rats were randomly divided into the 2 groups of continuous exercises, and resveratrol supplement + continuous exercises. Resveratrol solution was administered to the resveratrol + ontinuous exercises group for 8 weeks, each day 8 mg per 100 g of the body weight. The treadmill continuous training program was carried out for 8 weeks. At the end of the course, blood was obtained for measuring the indices of BDNF and GGT. These indices were analysed by SPSS software, version 22. Results: The results indicated the higher mean of GGT and the lower mean of BDNF in the continuous training + resveratrol compared to the continuous exercises group. The use of resveratrol caused a significant increase in BDNF (P = 0. 007) and GGT (P = 0. 06) in the continuous training+ resveratrol group. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that continuous exercise + resveratrol consumption were effective on controlling and improving the indices changes in BDNF and GGT. The simultaneous effect of supplementation and exercise increased the metabolic, neurological and protective opposite effects.

Background & Objectives: As a chemotherapy drug which is used for the treatment of cancer, busulfan causes certain complications in tissues, including the genital system, due to the existence of free radicals. Preserving the reproductive system and fertility with medications and antioxidant supplements seems necessary in these patients. Materials & Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were used in 4 groups of 8. For the control group, the busulfan solution was injected (incl. DMSO + PBS) at a volume of 0. 1 ml, and for the busulfan group, a single dose of 10 mg / kg was injected intraperitoneally. The Co. A Q10 group received 10 mg / kg of body weight daily (0. 15 ml) by intraperitoneal injection for 35 days. At the end of the experiment, the serum of animals was collected in order to measure the antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, after measuring the testicular to testicle ratio, the testicles were divided into two parts and evaluated for the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 genes, and immunohistochemical staining they got. Results: The results showed that oxidative stress increased in muscles treated by busulfan in 35 days, while it was significantly decreased in the Co. A Q10 receptor group by increasing antioxidant enzymes. RT-PCR evaluation showed that Caspase 3 and Bcl-2 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in the group receiving busulfan alone. Conclusion: The use of Co. A Q10 supplementation can lead to a renewal of spermatogenesis due to the reduction of oxidative stress and the effect on apoptosis in busulfan treated mice.

Background: Addiction has nowadays become one of the most serious problems of human society, which leads to the emergence of poverty and unemployment and, more importantly, the emergence of frequent occupational, social and legal problems. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of behavior-dialog therapy in changing the level of negative and positive meta-cognitive beliefs among addicted men in Khorramabad. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out using pretest-posttest design with the control group. The research sample consisted of 40 subjects selected among addicted men in Khorramabad, Iran. They were randomly assigned to the experimental (of behavior-dialog therapy) and the control groups. At the intervention stage, the experimental group was trained in the life-style therapy for 8 sessions. The Wales metacognitive beliefs questionnaire (2000) was used for data collection in pre-test and post-test phases for both the experimental and the control groups. The data were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of MANCOVA. Results: The results of covariance analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups (p <0. 01). The findings indicated that behavior-dialog therapy of the health care system is effective in changing the level of positive and negative financial implications. Conclusion: Individuals who work in the field of combating the drugs and treating addicted people can create metacognitive beliefs in patients provided that they use behavior-dialog therapy.