Yafteh
Year:2016 | Volume:18 | Issue:1 (67)|Papers Count:16

Background: Corrosion can cause economic damages, decreased useful life and diseases in the consumers. Therefore, in the present study, the status of potential of corrosion and scaling were investigated in water resources of Noorabad city of Lorestan.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, samples were collected from 7 wells of drinking water and 2 water storage tanks during from autumn to winter in Noorabad. To do so, parameters including pH, pHs, temperature, calcium hardness, alkalinity and TDS were measured and based on their values, four indexes including Langelier, Ryznar, Aggressive and Pokoryus were determined.Results: Results showed that Langelier, Rayznr, Pokoryus and Aggressive indexes were in the range of +0.07 to +0.61, 7.44 to 8.06, 6.9 to 7.25 and 11.38 to 11.9, respectively. According to the Langelier, Ryznar, Pukorius and Aggressive indexes, all of drinking water sources were corrosive which were studied in Noorabad city. However, according to the Langelier index, all of drinking water sources were sedimentary.Conclusion: Result obtained from studied indexes showed that the drinking water in Noorabad is corrosive and so the water quality in water supply system should be monitored continuously. The best applicable practices for decreasing water corrosion in water supply system are including continuous control of pH, chlorination mechanism and the use of corrosion resistant pipelines and facilities.

Background: Molecular diagnostic methods are among major tools in management of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in infected patients. Many studies have shown that viral load is associated with stage of infection and response to treatment. Therefore, the evaluation and quantification of viral load is very important. The goal of this study is implementation of inexpensive, yet accurate method for quantitative assessment of viral load in plasma samples of infected patients.Materials and Methods: After development and validation of the assay, quantification of HCV RNA on 200 chronic patients the start of therapy was performed using an In-House Real-time PCR assay. Measuring the concentration of viral RNA was performed using an external standard curve. It should be noted that the validation and standardization of all procedures in this study were performed using RNA standard panel. The results of this method were compared with results obtained from Artus commercial kit.Results: Detection limit of the assay was 50 IU/ml. The mean viral load measured on a logarithmic scale (5.81± 0.22, p<0.05). Parallel analysis of samples with commercial kit showed that there is a good correlation between these two methods (R2 = 0.988 p< 0.05).Conclusion: Viral load detection of HCV was reported for the first time in Khorramabad city. According to the results, this method has a good sensitivity and specificity for HCV quantification in large-scale. It can be a good replacement for commercial kits especially for clinical evaluation of therapy.

Background: The first step in improving research conduction in society can be conceived as identifying the weak points of research. Given that faculty members of universities carry out most of the research activities, the present study attempts to study the relationship between barriers to research from the viewpoint of the faculty members of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences and the research activities of them.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, using census method, assessed all of the faculty members of Lorestan university of medical sciences. A self-administered questionnaire analyzing the faculty members’ demographic variables, knowledge about and attitudes toward barriers to different steps of research was designed and the self-report questionnaires were filled out and their relationship with the annual assessment scores in research criteria were assessed by chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.Results: Variables such as the faculty members’ department, number of their modules, primary motivation for research conduction, knowledge about variables such as research methodologies, searching strategies in medical databases, putting forward proposals, research article writing and also, attitude towards vaiables such as approved research priorities, putting forward proposals, quality of research advice, approval of proposals in research councils, research facilities, the process of peer review of national scientific articles, presenting papers in conferences and participating in theses were related to the research performance of them (p<0.05).Conclusion: If seems that giving special privileges to the faculty members of faculty of medicine, those with many modules and those with no optimal knowledge and attitude, we can enhance their motivation to participate in research activities.

Background: Pityriasis versicolor is a chronic, recurrent and often asymptomatic infection of stratum corneum, Which is caused by lipophilic yeasts of Malassezia. Human to human transmission through direct contact is possible.The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of pityriasis versicolor in the dormitories of the Lorestan University of Medical Sciences by the three methods: skin scraping, use of scotch tape and wood’s lamp was perfumed.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 115 students in the dormitories of the university of medical sciences were studied with the three methods:skin scraping, using scotch tape and wood’s lamp.Results: Among 115 patients, 66.94% were female and 33.05% were male. The mean age was 21.38 years.25% of boys and 11.1% of girls were affected. The prevalence of Pityriasis versicolor by the three methods was determined 15.7%. In this study, the most common site of infection was shoulder and neck.Conclusion: The recent study showed a high prevalence of Pityriasis versicolor in Lorestan University of Medical Sciences students.The prevalence of pityriasis versicolor had a statistically significant difference between males and females, and was more common in females. The pairwise comparison results obtained from the three methods using the Kappa coefficient, scotch tape method was the most consistent results than the other two methods.

Background: Water is a vital liquid which is contaminatied by multiple biological agents such as; parasites, fungi, viruses and bacteria. The Enterobactriaceae, especially E.Coli are the most important indicator of fecal contamination of water. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Enterobacteriaceae in drinking water of the wells in Romeshkan town.Material and Methods: 160 of 2.5 liter water samples were collected and quickly transferred to the laboratory under the desired temperature then were concentrated by passing through a 0.45 µm filter. Then the bacteria were differentiated by culture in Macconkey medium and the grown single colonies were cultured on other differentiate media.Results: 18 (%11.25) of the drinking water of the wells were contaminated with E.Coli which in most cases accompanied with other Enterobactoaceae such as; Enterobacter, Citrobacter and Klebsiella. These contaminations had significant relationship with distance between sewage wells and damaged lids of wells.Conclusion: Although the contamination rate was lower than some previous studies, but according to standards of WHO, it is very high. It is suggested that authorities apply pipetting before wells waterborne diseases become epidemic.

Background: Study and recognition of values among nurses are important due to their role on health and human life. The present study carried out on nursing education with the aim of discovering the impact of ethical values on Iranian nurses; professional ethics.Materials and Methods: through an inductive approach the experiences of 23 participants including nurses, head nurses, physicians, clients and their companions examined by deep semi-structured interviewing from February 2013 to July 2014. The interviews were recorded by participants' permission, then were rescript and data analysis was performed based on thematic analysis by Brown and Clarke method. Data accuracy and consistency were evaluated by Lincoln and Guba scales.Results: This study ultimately formed an overarching theme as effecting beliefs on professional moral nursing care which was the result of an integration of two sub-themes. Sub-themes of public values came into view from five initial themes: (belief in the inherent dignity of the clients; human's compassioning and love, feeling, looking and dealing patients like their own family; spiritual and moral beliefs effecting care giving; and conscience and professional commitment of nurse). The specific values sub-theme appeared in three initial themes: recognizing, preservation and protection of patient’s rights, professional moral distresses, abstaining of non-professional relationships and abuse of the client.Conclusion: The final results were in accordance with the studies done in and out of our country. It is suggested for the implementation of values in nursing care practice, continuous assessment and monitoring mechanisms be created.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare Brain-Behavioral Systems in patient with multiple sclerocis (MS) and normal individuals.Materials and Methods: This research was a post facto comparative study, subjects included healthy persons and all patients with MS, which in summer and autumn 2013 referred to neurologists in the Lorestan province. Of the population using as samples, 117 cases (75 patients and 42 normal subjects) were selected, then Gray- Wilson Personality Questionnaire was completed for them. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test was used to compare the two groups.Results: The results showed, in BAS scales, people with MS had significantly lower scores than normal subjects.Conclusion: What comes from findings indicates that a low score in behavioral activation as a pathological factors in chronic diseases such as MS is concerned and is in need of psychological treatment.

Background: Diabetes is the 6th leading cause of death and nowadays much efforts are done to identify the influential factors in creation of diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between blood concentration of Chromium and Vanadium in metabolic syndrome (MetS) subjects with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and Methods: Blood samples from subjects digested in nitric acid. The concentration of Chromium and Vanadium in MetS group with T2D 47 patients (30 women, 17 men) and MetS group without T2D 45 patients (33women 12 men) plus normal group 35 person (23 women 12 men) were measured by Furnace Graphite Flameless Atomic Absorption instrument.Results: The results of Cr and V measurements in blood subjects indicated that there are significant differences between the two groups (p<0.05). The results of this study revealed that the levels of Cr and V are significantly higher in normal group than metabolic syndrum group without T2D. Furthermore, the concentration levels were significantly increased in metabolic syndrum group without T2D than metabolic syndrum group with T2D.Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the blood level of measured elements has a correlation with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, by measuring the elements level for providing them as a supplements to prevent from the ongoing of the disease or its progress.

Background: Adenomyosis is a common benign disorder in premenopausal women. It may be presents with uterus enlargement, pelvic pain, abnormal uterine bleeding and dysmenorrheal. The main objective of this study was to assess prior uterine surgery was a risk factor for adenomyosis.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we reviewed the medical records of all women who underwent hysterectomy for benign and nonemergency gynecologic condition between 2001-2006 in Shariate hospital of Bandar Abbas. Data included: age, gravidity, parity, abortion, prior uterine surgery and uterine size by physical examination before hysterectomy, were collected from the clinical records and the information about adenomyosis was obtained from pathology records. Analysis was done using SPSS-16, descriptive statistics, T test and ANOVA. Significant level was set as P<0.05.Results: Of the 191 participants, 72 (37.7%) women had pathologically confirmed adenomyosis. The prevalence of adenomyosis in this study was 37.7%. women with adenomyosis reported a history of prior uterine surgery more frequently than women without adenomyosis but age, menarch, gravidity, parity and history of abortion were similar between the 2 groups.Conclusion: This study indicated that adenomyosis had significant correlation with prior uterine surgery. And, confirmed that we can decrease prevalence of adenomyosis with decreased unnessecery uterine surgery.

Background: The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increased globally. Prevalence of NAFLD in general population estimated as 10-24%. Insulin resistance and fat accumulation in liver cells playing an important role in this disease. Recently usage of antioxidants in prevention and treatment of disease is considered. Quercetin is an antioxidant in flavonoids group. In the present study we aim to determine the effects of quercetin on NAFLD.Materials and Methods: After searching relevant keywords such as NAFLD, antioxidant, quercetin, insulin resistance, liver activity, lipid and inflammation, 20 fulltext papers and 12 abstracts that which were in accordance with the aim of this study were evaluated.Results: Quercetin in addition to its inherent antioxidant activity can reduce inflammation; improve serum lipids; decrease lipid accumulation in the liver; improve insulin resistance by increasing hexokinase activity, glycogen content of muscle and liver, phosphorylation and activation of insulin receptors; and promote liver activity by reducing serum liver transaminase enzymes and inhibiting the production of liver fibrotic factors.Conclusion: In animal and cell-culture studies, the application of quercetin was shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, insulin resistance reduction and antifibrotic effects. All these factors clearly show that quercetin can be counted as one of the important dietary factors having a role in the prevention and also treatment of NAFLD.

Background: Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder, is a common psychological disorder in persons, that continues from childhood into adulthood and leads to problem in various aspects of their life, such as personal, social, professional, and executive function such as working memory. Several studies indicate a close relationship between working memory deficits and attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. Given the lack of studies on the effectiveness of neurofeedback in improving working memory in adults with ADHD, this study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback in working memory.Materials and Methods: Research design was experimental with pre-test and post-test and control group and carried out on adults with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder referred to the Atieh clinic in Tehran. After reviewing inclusion and exclusion criteria,16 persons based on purposive sampling were selected in 2 groups of 8 cases as experimental and control groups. The research instruments were the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Inventory adult attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder of Barkley, vital cns test, auditory and visual integrated test signs. Data analysis, through SPSS software using U Mann-Whitney, was performed. The independent t-test, Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used also for complementary results. The protocol used in this study, was increasing of beta waves on FZ.Results: The results showed that neurofeedback was led to a significant increase in working memory in experimental group.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, which is consistent with results of the researches done in this field, neurofeedback increases frontal lobe activity and activation of neural circuits involved in executive function and working memory, and improve executive function and working memory deficits in patients with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. As a result, given the efficacy of neurofeedback in improving working memory, using this method, is suggested for the same treatment.

Background: plants have had special position in human life and their medicinal application have been observed in manuscripts of many world scientists. Nowadays the treatment of HSV-1 infections with the available chemical drugs often leads to the problems due to viral resistance and virus latency duration, therefore there is a requirement for new anti-herpes drugs. In this research the antiviral effects of Camellia sinesis, Echium amoenumL and Nerium oleander, with ethnomedical background on HSV-1 were studied.Materials and Methods: The plants were extracted with decoction method to obtain aqueous extracts and after evaluating their cytotoxicity on Hep-2 cell lines by evaluating CPE, antiherpes effect of the plants extracts were determined by cytopathic effect inhibition assay.Results: Nerium oleander extract had the most toxicity (> 50 mg/ml) on cell line and Camellia sinesis showed the most inhibitory property on HSV-1 multiplication. Echium amoenumL had the lowest antiherpes effect. Camellia sinesis was inhibitor of virus multiplication completely at 50-1000 mg/ml and Echium amoenumL at concentrations >300 mg/ml.Conclusion: Camellia sinesis and Echium amoenumL could inhibit well HSV-1 multiplication completely at concentrations nontoxic. Further researches are needed to find the effect mechanism of these drugs which may be used in the manufacture of new antiherpes drugs.