Yafteh
Year:2001 | Volume:3 | Issue:9|Papers Count:10

Injuries most often affects younger people, it is a major cause of missed-life years because of premature death and disability.Therefore accident is a major challenging barrier against health and socio – economic development, particularly in the developing countries.This study was carried out in Ashayer hospital in Khorramabad located in lorestan province, Iran, whole year 1381 (1999 AD). It aimed at identifying frequency, distribution, causes, patterns and outcomes of traumatic injuries in patiets referred to the hospital. Data was collected using interview and a questionnaire by either staff nurses and or medical students. Questionnaires pertaining to victims expired during admission were completed by forensic medical centre.Research data was analysed through SPSS software,V.9, 1, using descriptive and analytical statistics.Of the total of 8161 truuma victims referred to Ashayer hospital .1372 cases had major inyuries that had been hospitalized in surgical words. 211 (15.5%) patients died .More than 70% of the victims aged 30 years old or lesser. Men, singles and students comprised 77.1% , 66.7% and 35% of the cases, respectively .The most common places where accidents occurred were home (44.4%) street and roads (41.1%) .Damping to objects (31.2%) ,fall (20.2%) , conflict(16.4%) motor vehicle crashes(10.2%) ,and burn (9:9%)were the most common causes of injuries in these victims. The most common injured parts of the body were head and neck (35.2%) ,upper extremity(31.4%).lower extremity(17.3%).Multiple trauma comprised 9.3% of the cases.Findings in this study can be applied for planning of health care services, especially in primary and secondary levels of prevention .Also, results suggest a variety of research subjects in assessing and evaluating different preventive and curative modalities, as well as health economics analysis.

Antipsychotic drugs are known to produce analgesic effects, but the mechanisms are not well established. In addition, some calmodulin inhibitors are reported to produce antinociceptive effects .Among antipsychotic drugs, trifluoperazine is one of the most potent calmodulin inhibitors. We examined which of the known properties of this drug, including anti-dopaminergic , anti-cholinergic ,anti -adrenergic ,anti -histaminic, and calmodulin inhibition are involved in its analgesic effect.The effects of various reagents by formalin test were evaluated 15 minutes after drug administration. AlI tested agents were injected through chronic subarachnoid catheter.Since antinociceptive measures with formalin test are based on motor function, we also used rotarod test to quantify motor side effects of the drugs. Intrathecal trifluoperazine showed antinociceptive effects in a biphasic fashion i.e., analgesia at relatively low doses (1, 10 mg/rat) and hyperalgesia at the higher dose (100 mg/rat). No analgesic effects were observed after intrathecal injection of sulpiride, atropine, phentolamine and brompheniramine. Meanwhile, intrathecal calmidazolium induced a dose dependent analgesia (10, 50, 2 50 mg/rat).Low doses of histamine (mg/rat), Physostigmine (mg/rat), bromocriptine (mg/rat) and norepinephrine (mg/rat)did not affect trifluoperazine -induced analgesia. Calcium attenuated antinociceptive effect of trifluoperazine-induced analgesic effect of calmidazolium . Finally, naloxone decreased trifluoperazine -induced antinociception but did not have any effect on calmidazolium-induced analgesia.Regarding the above mentioned results we concluded that calmodulin inhibition may be involved in the analgesia produced by trifluoperazine. With increasing doses of trifluoperazine, algesic effect seems to overcome the analgesic effect. It is also suggested that the opioidergic system does not connect with - calmodulin inhibition" induced analgesia even though this system has partial role in trifluoperazine - induced analgesia.

Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common problem of the females in early stages of puberty the present puberty. In the present study, the effect of a herbal drug called Satureja khoozestanica (a kind of sweet fennel) or, dysmonrrhea was studied and its influence compared with conventional treatment (NSAIDS).The extract of the plant prepared in the form of capsuls and were taken by 135 patients during 3 months, then using Clquestionnaire data was collected. The major of the cases were 16-20years old and they used NSAIDS before trying this herbal drug.Results showed that 6p8.tients (4.4%) mentioned no effect for this drug. 6 patients (4.4%) had pct used the drug at all , and 123 patients (91.2%) confirmed the efficacy of the drug, as well as the side-effects cited for this drug is lesser in comparison with NSAIDS.The most common side-effect cited for this drug is in crease in menstrual bleeding - (15.15%) So using satureja kh is an easy, non-aggressive safe and effective method for treatment of dysmenorrheal.

This cross sectional study was designed and carried out to determine the rate of knowledge, identifying some beliefs and attitudes of Khoramabad third grade high school students about tuberculosis. 1201 students including 590 males and 611 females were selected as sample size. Data was collected by using of questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software .Total knowledge score in the questionnaire was 30. Results showed that students had a low level of knowledge about TB (Mean=7.54, SD=2.24, Median=7) Boys' knowledge (Mean=8.2.SD=2.45) was a little more than girls (Mean=6.92, SD=1.28).There was not any significant difference in level of knowledge in terms of fields of study. The majority (77.5%) of the students believed complete chance of recovery for TB patients 3.5% said that they try to hide their diseases if they notice symptoms of tuberculosis in themselves. Only 36.5% perceived themselves as susceptible to TB. Some subjects (30%) disclosed their fear and apprehension for going to TB clinic; 15.2% said that TB cannot be prevented; and 39% perceived TB as a disabling, serious disease. In sum, this study identified very low level of knowledge and presence of some important attitudes of students about tuberculosis, which can be considered in planning for school health curriculums.

Toxoplasma gondii is an intercellular one - cell parasite belonging to the sporozoa sub- branch, with a world-wide incidence. In this descriptive analytic study 452 pregnant women referred to health treatment centers of khoramabad city were selected rondomly. Then blood sample of each patient was taken and after primary stages, blood samples were tested using indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) method.Results showed that in 44.2 percent of them there existed antibody titers of 20, 40, 80, 160, 400, 800, 1600 and 3200 against antigen of T.gondii parasite in 63.5 ,6,4,2,19,4.5,0.5 and 0.5 percent of them respectively. Numerous information was gathered through variables recorded in questionnaire including: age, occupation, spouse occupation , place of living, number of childbirth, age of pregnancy, history of disease, history of abortion, manner of vegetables consumption, manner' of meat consumption, kind of consumer water, But no significant relation was observed between these variables and toxoplasma gondii.

Effect of low-energy GaAlas laser irradiation With wave length of 830 nm on histologic repair of compressional spinal cord injury in rats, resulting in muscular paralysis, was tested Compressional injury was caused using Holtz method (putting 35g weight on the middle thorasic part of spinal cord about 5 minutes).The animals were divided into treatment and control groups. The control group was maintained in exprimental condition for 14 days .The treatment group was also irradicted with 9 joules energy every day. In the day fifteenth after the injury, both groups were assessed histologically to evaluate the effect of laser irradiation on spinal cord injury.Results showed that the rate of angiogenesis and number of motor neurons were relatively higher in the treatment group in comparison with the control group.But presence of hemorrhage resulted from RBC accumulation in the location of injury, indicates that the injury has not been repaired in the control group.Regarding the mentioned above results, it seems that irradiation of low-energy laser causes histologic repair in spinal cord injury.

Breast disease is an important disease among women, breast concer is the most common concer among women and the most important cause of mortality of women of 40-44 years old. This study was carried out to determine characteristics of women with breast complaints.In this study three hunderd women with breatst complaints were selected .At first a physiciantuok history of each patient and examined her , Data such as age ,weight ,age of marriage, age of menarch and menopause , children number ,OCP taking , persistence of mass, nipple discharge, skin color changes were collected using a questionnaire. Mean age of patients was 36.6±12.8yr .Mean weight of them was 63.19±11.5kg. Mean marital age was 17.8±4.2, children mimber, 3.2±1.8, mergarch age, 13.4±1.4 and menopause age 43±13.2. 96.7% of the patients, didn't have information about breast self-examination.58% of them took OCP. In 52.3% of the patients nipple discharge was found, but bloody discharge was in only 1.4% of them.This study showed that breast complaints onset in Isfhan is earlier than western communities. Furthermore, because of inadequate information about breast self examination in studied patients, it is necessary to improve educational programmers.

Anopheles superpictus is the main vector of malaria in Lorestan province. In this study adult culicidae mosquitoes captured by total catch sampling method from three indoor residence (Human dwelling, animal dwelling , storage dwelling) and one outdoor residence (Caves) from May, 1997 to November, 1998 . Out of the 1661 captured culicidae mosquitoes, 1632 were Anopheles that %99.3 of captured Anopheles were An.superpictus.From femal An. superpictus 12.6%, 31.1% and 5.5% were empty, treshly fed, semi gravid and gravid respectively. Most percentage of treshly fed among all resting sites, belonged to animal shelters (58.8%) and the least percentage belonged to the outdoor residence (28.9%) .Most percentage of semi gravid in all of the resting sites belonged to the outdoor shelters (37.6%) and the least of that belonged to the human shelters (23.6%).These evidences show tendency toward exophily in An. Superpictus. 72.1% of unfed and blood fed female An. superpictus were parous, that shows this species has high longevity after sporogony period and a result it can be a dangerous vector of transmission of malaria from ill to healthy persons.

Nursing has been known as a stressful job that exposes individuals to the numerous stresses. job stresses in this profession can lead to diseases and disorders that endanger nurses health seriously.This cross -sectional Study was done to identify job stressor factors in nurses and coping strategies in Khoramabad in 2001. 180 nurses were selector by non -random sampling and data was collected using a questionnaire.Resulls showed that the major factors of stress from view point of research subjects, were: poor pay and salary,  expectances of patients, attendants and deficit of hospital equipments and among the most important recommended coping strategies were: Leering new adaptation methods (53.3%), too much working (43.3%) and seeking support from colleagues and consulting with them (43%).The statistical tests confirmed a significant relation between personal and professional characteristics and the stress level.

Surgical sterilization is the most popular form of contraception among the couples of reproductive age from a medical stand point, sterilization can be performed at anytime and often is done at cesarean delivery. For women who deliver vaginally, the early puerperium is a particularly convenient time. Sterilization can be achieved with any of these methods.Occlusion and resection by laparatomy, occlusionby mechanical means (clips or rings). Occlusion by unipolar or bipolar electro coagulation.This case is a woman with two times tubaligation . The first time with minilaparotomy and one year later she had a pregnancy. The second time undergoes a cesarean section and tubaligation but 6 years later has the second failure and pregnancy.