Yafteh
Year:2018 | Volume:20 | Issue:2 (76) |Papers Count:17

Background: Vegetables have a high capability in absorbing and storing heavy metals and thegathering of these materials in the human body causes unpleasant effects. The aim of the presentstudy is the evaluation of the density and pollution caused by the elements cadmium, lead, mercury, copper, and nickel in leek, potato, and tomato in some farms in Khorramabad city. Materials and Methods: In one experimental study, after the sampling of farms and preparingsamples, digestion and combination with HCL, the density of the elements cadmium, lead, mercury, copper and nickel were determined by means of atomic absorption apparatus in a graphitefurnace. To statistically process the findings, Spss software was used, and Excel software was usedto present the findings. Finally, the results were compared with WHO standards. Results: The results show that the average density in heavy metals in various vegetables: levels oflead in leek (0. 252), in tomato (0. 304), and in potato (0. 155) and the cadmium levels in leek(0. 147), in tomato (0. 216), in potato (0. 081). The levels of nickel are as the follows: leek(47, 98), intomato (34, 612), in potato (32, 04). The levels of copper were as follows: in leek (0. 149), in tomato(0. 155), and in potato (0. 148)ppm. Mercury was either absent or in trace amounts in theinvestigated vegetables. Conclusion: the reason for the high levels of lead and cadmium compared with the permissiblelimit is probably due to too much phosphate fertilizers being used by farmers, the use of sewageslime, insecticides, fungicides, the using of too much animal residues and urban waste and also thecloseness of agricultural fields to roads.

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of auditory rehabilitationof deaf children on the stress, anxiety, depression and life expectancy of their parents. Materials and Methods: The study was a comparative study and the population studied was allparents of deaf children in Khoramabad and Noorabad, cities in Loresran in 2017. Accordingly, 60parents with deaf children were selected by a non-random sampling method. The children of 30fathers and mothers (15 fathers and 15 mothers) received hearing rehabilitation services, and thechildren of thirty parents (15 fathers and 15 mothers) did not receive audiotory rehabilitationservices. To measure the variablility of the research, the questionnaire of stress, anxiety anddepression (doss21, libond&libond1987) and hope questionnaire (miller, 1998) were used. Data wasanalyzed by multi-variable analysis of variance. Results: The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between stress, anxiety, depression and life expectancy of parents who had hearing impaired children (early hearingrehabilitation) and parents whose children had not teceived early rehabilitation. Conclusion: According to the reseatch finding, it seems that factors such as social class, quality oflife, educational status and the low frequency of parents of deaf children in the geographical areasstudied are more effective in anxiety, stress, depression and life expectancy than hearingrehabilitation services for children.

Background: In spite of the great importance of health and health services, the imbalance indistribution of such services has always been one of the main problems of planners. This researchwas carried out with the aim of ranking and comparing health and health services in cities inLorestan province. Materials and Methods: Data was collected from books and documents, and from experts in thefield of health and health services. To do this, 18 indicators of health and related services wereselected, and ranked utilizing the fuzzy TOPSIS method. Results: Results showed that there were significant differences among the cities underinvestigation, in terms of health services. Khorramabad ranked first for similarity index andBoroujerd ranked second (similarity index= 0. 466). Also, Delfan and Dooreh came 9th and 10th, with a similarity index of 0. 284 and 0. 283, respectively. Conclusion: According to the analysis, the main weaknesses in the province were the pharmacist'sper capita indices, per capita radiography centers, per capita urban health centers, per capita activebeds, as well as the percentage of health centers in villages.

Background: Anabolic Steroid hormones are commonly misued by athletes in order to improveathletic performance. The aim of present research is the simultaneous study of the effect of jujubealcohol extract, Gallic acid and endurance training on histopathology changes of Hippocampus inmale rats, which had been poisoned by anabolic steroids. Materials and Methods: In this research, female wistar rats, weighing from 200-250g wereselected randomly and divided into 10 groups as follows: Group 1-control, group 2-instinct, group3-poisoned by Boldenon (5 mg/kg), group 4-jujube + Boldenon, group 5-Gallic acid+ Boldenon, group 6-Endurance Training + Boldenon (5mil/gr), group 7 jujube plus endurance training, group8-Gallic acid plus endurance training, group 9 Boldenon (2 mg/kg), group 10 Boldenon 2mg plusendurance training. After 8 weeks of endurance training and receiving Boldenon weekly throughmuscular injection, tissue sampling was done on the rats and then a histopathology study wasconducted. Results: The findings show that the structural changes of the hippocampus in all groups incomparison to the control group are significantly higher, but there was no inflammation in anygroup. Based on the results of present study, using Boldenon (high dosage – low dosage) causesstructural changes in Hippocampus. Conclusion: Discussion and conclusion: based on the present research, it was found that structuralchanges of hippocampus tissue caused by poisoning by Boldenon in all groups was significantlymore than in the control group. However, in no group, was enlargement seen. It was also shown thatendurance jujube essence, and Gallic acid has some effects in decreasing neurological damagecaused by receiving Boldenon and has synergistic effects.

Background: Concerning the role of psychological factors and lifestyle in etiology of cardiacdiseases, this research aims to study and compare the personality type D, social support andcognitive flexibility in normal and cardiac patients in Khoramabad. Materials and Methods: the present research is a causal – comparative study. The studied samplewas selected from all coronary artery cardiac patients attending caridiovascular clinics inKhoramabad city. 64 patients were chosen by a sampling method and compared with 64 healthyindividuals who were matched. In order to measure the variables, a Filips et al (1986) questionnaireof personality type D, social support and Danis and Venervall's cognitive flexibility were used. Datawas analyzed using multi– variate analysis of variance method (Manva). Results: The results of this study show that there is a significant difference between cardiacpatients and normal people in terms of personality type D, social support and cognitive flexibility. The cardiac patients group enjoyed lower social support, cognitive flexibility and a higher averagescore of personality type D. Conclusion: From the results of this study, it can be said that personality type D, social supportand cognitive flexibility are important variables in preventing cardiac diseases which wereencountered during patients' treatment.

Background: Fatty liver disease can result in liver damage along with viral hepatitis, andaccelerated disease progression can result in liver tissue fibrosis and liver damage. Aerobic trainingcan reduce the level of liver enzymes (Alp, ALT, and AST) in order for possible treatment of fattyliver disease with aerobic exercise. The present study was performed to assess the effects ofAerobic training on NAFLD. Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomized control trial that was performed on24 obese children (7 to 11 age) with NAFLD, that were divided randomly into two groups (controland experimental). Aerobic exercise was carried out for eight weeks for the experimental group. Before and after the training period, measurements of liver enzyme levels (ALP, ALT, and AST)and liver ultrasound was done. To analyze the data, independent-samples T testing was used. Results: The results showed that performing aerobic training reduced the levels of liver enzymesALT (p=0. 007), AST (p=0. 024), and ALP (p=0. 048) in the experimental group significantly. Conclusion: Aerobic training is recommended as a non-drug treatment for fatty liver disease.

Background: Medical professional ethics is a structured discipline to address ethical issues andprovide appropriate medical solutions. The purpose of this study was to design a professional ethicsmodel for physicians. Finding effective components in professional ethics was carried out with aqualitative approach, in which there was no predetermined framework, such as a theory or model, and this framework was designed based on aggregated data. Materials and Methods: To do this research, firstly, through the study of previous research, arelatively comprehensive understanding of the literature in this field was obtained. And on thisbasis, a preliminary list of human resource factors influencing the components of professional ethicswith the Delphi method was completed and finalized. For this purpose, 14 professional ethicsexperts were selected as an expert group using non-instantial sampling and a combination oftargeted or judgmental and sequential methods. Results: The findings were analyzed using qualitative research methods and the Delphi model. The findings of this study reveal 11 key components, namely, conscientiousness, professionalexcellence, integrity and dignity, respect for others, friendship, commitment to social justice, timemanagement, emotional intelligence, secrecy, moral knowledge and ethical sensitivity. Amongthese components, the importance of time management components, emotional intelligence, ethicalknowledge and moral sensitivity were revealed in this research. A new index was added to theprivacy component, concerning the e-mailing of patient records. Conclusion: The results of this study can be a useful model for the Ministry of Health and otherinstitutions where professional ethics are part of their mandate.

Background: Chronic pain is a common and debilitating condition, but little effort has been madeto understand, diagnose or treat it. The aim of the present study is the prediction of pain, based onpersonality characteristics, anxiety, and depression among patients suffering from chronic pain. Materials and Methods: This is a correlation study. 230 patients suffering from chronic painwere selected by convenience sampling among pain clinics of Shiraz city. Patients completed aDemographic Questionnaire, a Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), a NEO Brief Questionnaire (60questions), a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and a Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Data wasanalyzed using multiple regression (stepwise regression), Pierson`s Correlation Coefficient, andSPSS18 software. Results: The results indicated that components of anxiety were able to predict pain severity andpain interference in daily routines and from the Big Five Factors of Personality, neuroticism waspositively able to predict chronic pain. Conclusion: Mood features and personality characteristics influence pain duration and intensity.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is currently the leading cause of death among peoplearound the world. The main cause of CAD is atherosclerosis or vascular arrest. In the etiology ofthis disease, various factors, including genetic factors, are involved. In this study, the effect ofangiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) as a risk factor was evaluated. Increasing ACE activity byenhancing the synthesis of angiotensin II is likely to contribute to the risk of atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 145 healthy individuals and 154 patients wereselected from among patients referred to the Shahid Madani Hospital. Absorption of atherosclerosisin healthy individuals and atherosclerosis in patients with standardized angiography was confirmed. The case and control groups were matched for age and gender. A 5 ml sample of blood was takenfrom each person, and the serum was isolated. ACE activity was measured using HHL substrate andHPLC techniques. Results: The results showed that the level of ACE activity in patients with atherosclerosis washigher than those in the control group and this increase was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results, increased ACE activity can be an independent factor in theincidence of CAD and can be used to assess the risk of disease.

Background: Patients with cardiovascular disease have difficulty in emotional regulation, and thisdisability can interfere with their treatment. Metacognition therapy (MCT) is a psychologicalintervention based on emotional management. The purpose of research is to study theeffectivenessof MCT for dementia cognitive emotion regulation in patients with cardiovascular. Materials and Methods: The present study was a clinical trial with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The statistical population included all cardiovascular patients in Khorramabad. Sixty-six patientswere randomly assigned into control and intervention (Metacognition therapy) groups. Thecognitive-emotional regulation variable was used for data collection by a Cognitive EmotionRegulation Questionnaire (Garnefski & Kraaij). Repeated Measure ANOVA was used for dataanalysis. Results: The findings of the study indicated that Metacognitive therapy was effective in cognitiveemotionalregulation (positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, refocus on planning) and not soeffective in self-blame, focus on thought/rumination, and catastrophizing. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, Metacognitive therapy effects on cognitivedementia relate to top-down versus bottom-up processing in the brain.

Background: Root hair culture is a valuable system to produce recombinant proteins in planta. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are vital parts of the innate immune response found in almost allforms of life. Precise target activity and limited toxicity towards mammalian cells make themsuitable candidate molecules to combat evolving drug-resistant microorganisms. The aim of thepresent study was to produce a Dermaseptin B1 recombinant antimicrobial peptide in Nicotianatabacum root hair and assess the antibacterial activity of the protein extract from transgenic roothairs. Materials and Methods: A Dermaseptin B1 encoding gene sequence was C-terminally fused to aChitin Binding Domain (CBD) encoding sequence and cloned in a plant binary vector used forAgrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation to generate root hairs in tobacco. Transgenicroot hairs were produced, and protein extracts were used to assess antimicrobial activity against anumber of microbes. Results: PCR and RT-PCR analysis confirmed the integration of the Dermaseptin B1 gene in a roothair cell genome and the presence of Dermaseptin B1 mRNA transcripts, respectively. Recombinantprotein had a significant (P<0. 05) antibacterial effect towards gram-positive and gram-negativebacteria. Conclusion: Dermaseptine B1 recombinant peptide was successfully produced in tobacco root haircells and its antibacterial effects was confirmed. These results suggest that the recombinant proteinmay have a therapeutic effect to control bacterial pathogens. It can be concluded that root hair cellscan be used to produce and purify valuable recombinant proteins with pharmaceutical applications.

Background: Most economic theories are based on the belief that decentralization of publicexpenditure will lead to an increase in provincial benefits and a consequent improvement ineconomic and social indexes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of financialdecentralization on the health sector in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this applied research, the topic was reviewed by the panel vector selfregressionmodel, using data from 31 provinces of Iran in the period of 2001-2015, with a samplesize of 3720 observations. Results: The results show that financial decentralization, on the basis of indexes reviewed in thisstudy, has a positive causality relation with the number of active hospital beds and the level ofpublic sanitation from gross domestic product. Regarding to the results of variance analysis, it canbe acknowledged that the changes in the areas of health and sanitation usually resulted fromchanges in financial decentralization and the resources allocated to sanitation, which explain thefluctuations of 1. 58 and 0. 48 percent. The results of reviewing the immediate response functionsalso indicate the positive effects of funding decentralization shocks on the index rate in the healtharea. Conclusion: Financial decentralization and proper distribution of central government health fundsto the provinces, can improve the level of public health in the whole country, by increasingprovincial sanitary resources, and in addition, promoting health and sanitation indexes.