Anatomical Sciences Journal
Year:2010 | Volume:7 | Issue:28-29|Papers Count:10

Purpose: The assessment of the ability of combined treatment of bone marrow stromal cells graft (BMSCs) and oral administration of Coenzyme (CoQ10) in rat model of Parkinson disease as a good substitute for common current Parkinson treatments, and the comparison of this combined treatment method with alone application of these treatments.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study of male Wistar rats were used. They were divided into six groups: control, sham, lesion, treatment groups with oral administration of CoQ10, treatment with graft BMSC and combined treatment with graft BMSC and oral administration of CoQ10. Oral administration of CoQ10 with 200 mg/kg/daily dose started a week before the model creation procedure and continued throughout the whole treatment period. The laboratory model of Parkinson disease in rats was performed by injecting 2.5 microlitre saline solutions 0.9% containing 8 micrograms 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) and 0.2% ascorbic acid in substantia nigra pars compacta. Also in sham group the same volume solution saline-ascorbic was injected. BMS Cells were labeled by 5-Bromo-2´-deoxyuridine (Brdu) before transplantation. Behavioral assessment before creating the model, two weeks after creating the model and eight weeks after cell transplantation was performed. At the end of second month of treatment, Immunohistochemistry and histology Studies were performed.Results: Behavioral assessment of two groups of alone treatments indicated the equal recovery in comparison with lesion group (p<0.01) while combined treatment of BMSC and CoQ10 showed a considerable recovery compared with lesion group (p<0.001). In addition according to histological studies, no sign of gliosis and graft rejection was seen. Immunohistochemistry studies of Brdu indicate that the cells are alive after two month of application in host tissue. Cell count assessment showed that the number of neural cells in combined treatment of BMSC and CoQ10 was significant difference with others experimental groups (p<0.001).Conclusion: The combined use of two neuroprotective treatment and replacement therapy can have a more effective role in the treatment of Parkinson's disease in comparison of alone treatment protocols.

Purpose: To study the effect of allogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transplantation on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice.Materials and Methods: Fifty five female NMRI mice were divided in 5 groups, and to induce liver fibrosis CCL4 intraperitonealy was injected 1ml/Kg twice a week for 8 weeks 106 allogenic BMMSCs were infused in cell therapy group via tail vain at the end of 4th weeks. Liver samples were taken and evaluated with histopathologic and immunofluorescence techniques to determine the amount of fibrosis, cell homing and identity of the cells. Mice serum albumin level was measured as well.Results: In the cell therapy group the amount of liver fibrosis and mortality rate decreased significantly (2.24±0.51% vs 3.48±0.6%, P<0.05 and 27.3% vs 45.5%), respectively but there was no significant difference between their serum albumin level. These results were in compliance with low proportion of transplanted cells capable of producing albumin (0.23±0.08% of liver cells).Because most transplanted cells were found in periportal area; they did not produce albumin.Conclusion: It seems that the major role of BMMSCs to reduce CCL4-induced liver fibrosis does not occur by their differentiation into hepatocyte but rather through other interaction pathways with injured liver tissue.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was the separation of spermatogonial cells from prepubertal NMRI mouse testis by magnetic activating cell sorting (MACS) method and assessment of FBS concentration on surviving these cells after cryopreservation.Materials and Methods: Testes from 6-days-old mouse removed and digested in two enzymatic mediums. First 8-9 min at medium containing collagenase, trypsin and DNase and second 10-12 min in medium containing collagenase, trypsin, DNase, hyalloronidase and EDTA and then the spermatogonial cells were isolated by (MACS) method. In the freezing step, the cells were frozen in three medium containing DMEM/F12 medium, 10% DMSO and 50%, 60% and 70% FBS serum, named group I, II. III.Results: The viable cells obtained after enzymatic disaggregation were 91.66%±0.60% and after being isolated by MACS method were 95.25%±0.33%. The purity of the isolated cells was 93.79%±2.20%. The cells frozen in group I, II and III had 39.09%±0.15, 85.55%±6.98 and 90.29±1.38 % viability, respectively.Conclusion: according to the obtained results, the increase of temperature at digestion step reduces the time of testicular tissue disaggregation and consequently increases viable cells. Higher viable cells and purity can be attained by using of α6 integrin and magnetic beads. The results show that spermatogonial cells in freezing media containing 60%-70% FBS have the highest viability after thawing.

Purpose: Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a potent inducer of cytotoxic T-cell activity, cytokine production and necrosis induction in vivo. Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) is an adjuvant derived from the lipopolysaccharide of E.coli, Salmonella Minnesota Re595 and other gram negative bacteria.Materials and Methods: In this research, The antitumor and antimetastatic effect of intra-venus injection of Monophosphoryl Lipid A (MPL), staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and SEB+MPL was evaluated using Balb/C male mice bearing inoculable mice Fibrosarcoma. The anti tumor effect of SEB+MPL, SEB and MPL in mice with inoculated fibrosarchoma tumor (Wehi-164) was examined by IV injection and the sizes of the inoculated tumors were determined. The inoculated tumors were also examined histologically. Moreover, histophatologic study in lung tissue didn't show any metastasis.Results: In the mice IV injected group with SEB+MPL, reduction of tumor size show a significant difference compared with mice in the SEB and MPL injected and negative control group. A significantly higher frequency of necrosis in tumor tissues was also observed in mice in the IV (SEB+MPL)-injected group in comparison with other group. Moreover, histophatologic study in lung tissue didn't show any metastasis.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that tumor cell death and the prevention of metastasis be caused by increased Cytotoxic T-cell activity in response to IV injection of SEB+ MPL that need to more investigation.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate effects of insulin and ascorbic acid on rate of Caspase – 3 activity and DNA Laddering in hippocampus of STZ-induced diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats in five groups, 6 in each group: one control group (group C) and four diabetic groups [diabetic control (group D), treatment with insulin (group I), with ascorbic acid (group AA) and with insulin plus ascorbic acid (group I+AA)] were used in this study. Diabetes was induced by injection of 60 mg/kg STZ IP. After six weeks, rats in group I were treated with insulin (4-6 U/kg/day Sc.), rats in group AA treated with ascorbic acid (200 mg/kg/day, IP) and rats in group I+AA treated with equal dosage of both insulin and ascorbic acid for two weeks. Rats in group D were treated with saline and considered as the diabetic control group. Two weeks after treatment, animals were anesthetized and hippocampus was dissected from hemispheres. Caspase-3 activity was assessed by Fluorometry, and finally, DNA fragmentation due to apoptosis was determined by DNA laddering Assay.Results: Caspase-3 activity in group D significantly increased compared to group C (6.7 fold), whereas it decreased after treatment with insulin, ascorbic acid or both (2.6, 4.2 and 5.1 fold, respectively). DNA laddering was observed in group D, but not in three treated groups.Conclusions: From this survey it was concluded that treatment of STZ-induced diabetic rats with insulin and/or L-ascorbic acid could possibly inhibit apoptosis in hippocampal tissues using decrease of Caspase -3 activity and prevention of DNA Laddering.

Purpose: Recent studies revealed the neuroprotective effects of green tea antioxidant on experimental cerebral ischemia, but these effects on spinal cord injury (SCI) has not yet been studied.Materials and Methods: Rats were randomly divided into three groups of 18 rats each as follows: sham group (laminectomy), control group (SCI) and experimental group (EGCG). Spinal cord samples were taken 24 h after injury and studied for determination of lipid peroxidation levels and TUNEL reaction. Behavioral testing was performed weekly upto six weeks post-injury. Then, the rats were euthanized for histopathological assessment.Results: The results showed that lipid peroxidation levels were significantly decreased in experimental group. EGCG significantly reduced TUNEL-positive rate. Also, EGCG reduced significantly lesion area, and improved behavioral function more than the control group.Conclusion: EGCG treatment decreased secondary spinal cord injury.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to study the effect of three-dimensional model in learning the anatomy of middle ear.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Artesh University of Medical Sciences in 3 phases in 2007: 1- preparation of three-dimensional model with reference to the Gray's Anatomy for Students (2005-1st edition), 2- dividing medical and nursing students into 4 grouos accidentally, teaching with lecture and PowerPoint slides to control groups and additional teaching with threedimensional model to study groups, 3- taking similar pre-test and post-test exam and statistical analysis.Results: Analysis of pre-test and post-test scores in each group with t-test showed significant differences (p=0.000). There were not significant differences in respect to analysis of difference of pre-test and post-test scores between groups.Conclusion: Three-dimensional model had positive effect on anatomy learning of middle ear but it didn't cause significant difference in comparison with traditional educational method.

Animal modeling is a crucial necessity in clinical studies of liver diseases. Authenticity of the data which are produced using this tool under different conditions and accuracy of the analyses and assessments which would be based on such data sets is completely dependent on the adoption of a standardized methodology for analyzes and assessment of these data sets. Cirrhosis and Fibrosis are among the most important diseases which are studied by animals modeling due to the fact that their final structure is usually similar among a verity of patients and also because they are the common end stage of most chronic liver diseases. Up to now, different approaches such as hepatotoxicity and surgical methods have been utilized to obtain cirrhotic or fibrotic models that either of which have its especial advantages and disadvantages. It is obvious that using models could indicate the production and treatment mechanisms of disease which we elucidate Fibrosis and cirrhosis here. Considering several animal models which were used for liver disease in the world, in this survey we try to explain why, what and how an animal must be choosen for modeling and how could be evaluated.

The variations of vertebral artery are important with regard to their potential clinical impact .The study reports the variation of course of right vertebral artery in male cadaver. The vertebral arteries arise from the superioposterior aspect of the first part of subclavian artery. The vessel takes a vertical course to enter into the transverse foramen of sixth cervical vertebra. Right vertebral artery in its course in the neck ascends between the carotid sheath and prevertebral fascia. But in this case, right vertebral artery at level of C3 pierced the prevertebral fascia to reach the transverse foramen of C3 .The length of this part is longer than normal size, but its lumen was normal.In international literature, the incidence of vertebral artery passing through C3 transverse foramen is seen in approximately 0.2% of the studied population. No anthropometric parameter has shown this case in Iran.