Year:2002 | Volume:8 | Issue:3|Papers Count:7

Cereal leaf miner Syringopais temperate/la Led. is one of the major pests of wheat and harley in Meditranean region and Middle east specially in South -West, South and West of Iran. Dry land and irrigated fields are infested and affected by feeding larvae from leaf tissue. In this research, population dynamic, biology, host range and economic threshold were studied during 1997-2000. Population dynamic was studied by Population Density Countings method during wheat vegetative period. Biology of this pest was also studied in laboratory, green house and field conditions.Field and non - field crops host were collected and recognized. In order to evalue the economic loss of harmful larvae, economic threshold (KT.) was calculated.This pest produced one generation per year in which 7-7.5 months was spent as first instar larvae in diapause state in 15-30cm. depth of soil and the remaining life period is passed with in 4-4.5 months as active larvae inside of wheat and other hosts pupae, eggs in the soil and adults. The active larval period inside leave's canals is approximately 75-100 days, from middle March gradually pupa forms. Pupal period takes 10-14 days in field conditions and adults appear from late March. The sex ratio was estimated to be 0.54 for field and 0.52 in rearing in lab situation.Economic threshold in non irrigated and irrigated wheat field based on number of larvae per tiller were 2.2-2.7 (with average of 2.47) and 3.6-4.5 (with average of 4.05), respectively and on the hasis of number of larvae per M2 in non irrigated fields (in 100,150,200, 250, and 300 plant densities) with tillering coefficient of 0.5-1 (average 0.75) were 450, 650, 1100, and 1300 larvae per m2 respectively. In irrigated wheat field with 300.350 & 400 plants per m2 calculate and its tillering coefficient was 1-1.2 (average 1.1) were 2600, 3000 and 3400 larvae per m2 respectively.

In order to study of yield and some agronomic changes in response to water deficit and potassium fertilizer, an experiment was conducted by a split - plot design with three replications in khorassan agricultural research station. Water deficit treatments aranged as main plots with three levels i.e. without deficit (irrigation after 70mm evaporation from class - A pan), mild (irrigation after 100 mm evaporation from class -Apan) and sever deficit (irrigation after 130 mm evaporation from class -A pan). Potassium placed in sub plots with five levels i. e. 0. 62.5, 125, 187.5 and 250 kg K20/ha. Water deficit decreased yield and biological yield and potassium in all water deficit levels, increased these. water deficit had negative effects on stem and tuber number per plant, average of tuber weight and plant height, Potassium had lower effects on plant height, tuber and stem number per plant and increased average of tuber weight. Potassium increased yield by high yield of large tuber and water deficit had negative effect on yield by increase fine tuber yield and decrease of large tuber yield.

Nowadays, domestic gross production (GDP), is one of the most important indices of the national accounts; manifesting the economic performance; as the decision-making and policy index; as macro economic analysis index; as international comparative index being significant in formation of economic frameworks and outlines.One of the methods for it's computation; is the sum of domestic economy's value added indices. In this paper as impact of different optimized and designed value added of agricultural sub-sectors (including agriculture, hunting, forestery & fishing) upon GDP value on the horizon of the third development plan; with the use of 1991 (solar year) input- output table, issued by iranian statistics center; which was renewed by RAS method; in 1999 in addition to the linear programming method; for calculation of the optimized value added figure of these two sub-sectors; for the 3rd development plan (2004), using excel & QSB softwares; with the outcomes; In the (year 1383) with senario: population growth rate (1.65 percent) and GDP growth .-ate (6 percent), government gain to 57.84, 71.32 percent of studied value added for sub sectors agriculture, hunting, forestery and 37.23, 45.91 percent of studied value added for sud sector fishing and this different not feasible effect upon the optimized GDP in the year 2004.

This study aim at: investigating cell suspension culture, initiation and maintaining estabishing an embryogenic suspension, ability regeneration from suspension culture, isolation and protoplast culture in many rice cultivars: Hasan saraii, Hasani, Domsiah, Nemat, Neda and Khazar.Embryogenic callus initiated from mature seed rice cultivars (Ms medium containing various concentration of 2,4-D and BAP (0/2 mg.L)) was used to establish embryogenic cell suspension Cultures, Cell suspension was established in R2 liquid culture medium containing 2,4-D (2mg/L) in dark.The result shows callus of the Hasan saraii and domsiah cultivars proliferated fasty and estahlished cell suspension formed in the suhcultures. Transfered callus in R2 liquid without 2,4-D was formed somatic embryo (gloubular and heart - from stages), callus were maintained the ability to proliferat and differentiate for long periods of time (2 years). The process of embryogenesis can he divided into four different stages: initiation or induction, proliferation, development or maturation, and finally germination. During initiation, cells are indued to form somatic embryos; during proliferation, these induced cells undergi multiplication with very little or no maturation of the embryogenic tissue, germination is inclued in the process of somatic embryogenesis.Callus Hasani, Nemat and Neda cultivar to bacome brown and dead after almost one month of transfer in R2 liquid culture medium.The Callus Kazar cultivar maintained the ability to proliferat during one month but no proliforating in second month in R2 liquid medium was observed and it didnot show somatic embryo, and showed only cells aggregate with gloubular cells at the outer surface.Regeneration frequency of cell suspension observed very little. Three and one plantlets regenerated from Domsiah and Hasn sarii, respectively, in semi medium (LS containing BAP (1mg/L), NAA (0/5mg/L)).Protoplasts isolated from 6, 8, 10, 12, 15 month cell suspension Hasan saraii and Domsiah (Enzyme soulation containing sellulase, pectolyse, macerozyme).Before one month of protoplasts culture from Domsiah cultivar formed microcallus was formed, hut didnot showed late growth.

This research was conducted to evaluate ME values and calculate pridiction models for some feedstuffs produced in Iran. Some variables including AME, AMEn, TME, TMEn, DM, CP, EE, CF, Ash and NFE were determined for some foodstuffs including corn, Wheat, rice, barley, soybean meal, cotton seed meal, sunflower meal, broad bean, kilka fish meal, animal meat meal, poultry meat meal, alfalfa meal, wheat bran, rice bran, vegetable oil, tallow and mixture of vegetable oil and tallow. According to the results, TMEn value of feedstuffs mentioned above, were 3488, 3326, 3378, 2948, 2659, 2457, 1959, 2411, 3001, 2740, 3058, 1112, 1823, 2753, 7346, 6699, 7178 Kcal per Kg respectively. In some cases the value of ME and nutrients determined in this research were different versus the equivalent values reported by foreign resources. This could he explained by differences in geographical region as well as condition of cultivating and treating of feedstuffs. Prediction model for all forms of ME of utilized feedstuffs were calculated either totally and seperately based on the contained nutrients. For instance, the prediction model of estimating TMEn of total feedstuffs was as follow:TMEn = -982.71 + 82.29 EE + 46.76 NFE + 41.76 CP                      R2 =0.9507

This research studies quantities and qualities of Lime-tree. In order to determine these characteristics, at western parts of Mazanderan province, nine sites were selected. Within each sites, three elevations were distinguished and in each sites three plots, each one hectare (100*100m) were established. In each plot, following features were recorded: height above the sea level, direction of slops and the percent of slops, quantities and qualities characteristics. In order to study the generation of Lime-tree five microplotes were selected, each of them 100 m2 (10*10m).The results have indicated that Lime-tree goes up in a wide range of environmental conditions. This species has distributed from low elevations to high elevations and in different slops, especially northern, eastern and northeastern slops. Also this species has formed two forest types-Limetree -Beech and Beech-Limetree - in the high elevation in Royan3. Quantitive studies showed that the best conditions of frequency and density has been observed in Royan3. This site has the least basel area and crown coverage. In the northern conditions of Lime-tree distribution is better than other slops. The best quality of condition has seen in north-eastern, eastern and western slops. The best generation has been recorded in the north-eastern.

In order to study the effect of water stress on oil percent and oil yield in two rape seed cultivars, the experiment conducted into factorial split plots design in the basis of complet randomized block with 3 replications in two regions (Pakdasht and Karaj).There were two factors, irrigation intervals (45, 64 and 85 milimeter evaporated of pan) and water amounts in 3 levels (60, 80, and 100 percent of evaporation) into factorial as main factor and cultivars in 2 levels (Talayieh and PF7045.91) as sub-factor.The results indicated that interaction effects of irrigation intervals and water amounts had significant difference at 1% level on oil percent, oil yield and seed yield in two regions. After irrigation interval decreased and water consumption increased to 80%, maximum amount of oil percent, oil yield and seed yield was 40.93%kg/ha, 1044kg/ha and 2538kg/ha. interaction effect of irrigation intervals and cultivars had significant difference at 1% level. when irrigation intervals or water stress intensity reduced, oil percent, oil yield and seed yield reduced, hut these amounts in PF7045.91 was greater than talayieh the maximum oil yield of PF7045.91 and talayieh was 1096kg/ha and 807kg/ha, oil percent was 41/39% and 39/36% and seed yield was 2640kg/ha and 2050kg/ha. interaction effect of water amounts and cultivars showed significant difference at 1% level of probability. when water amount increased to 80%, oil yields of PF7045.91 and talayieh increased to 944/2kg/ha and 707.0kg/ha, oil percent increased to 40/38% and 38/71% and seed yield increased to 2311 and 1816 kg/ha.