Anatomical Sciences Journal
Year:2008 | Volume:6 | Issue:23|Papers Count:9

Purpose: To investigate the effect of ascorbic acid against lead-induced neurotoxicity in the rat hippocampusMaterials and Methods: The heads of 40 male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: normal, control, lead-treated and lead plus ascorbic acid-treated. Lead acetate (20mg/kg) was administered intraperitonealy to rats for 7days in third and fourth groups. During this period, rats in the fourth group received 500 mg ascorbic acid, in drinking water daily. At the end of the treatment, all rats were sacrified and their hippocamps were excluded. Using TEM the samples were examined in terms of natural and apoptotic cells.Results: Histopathological evaluation showed that apoptosis was attenuated significantly in the ascorbic acid group but not in the lead group. Simultaneous administration of ascorbic acid and lead increased the level of Bcl-2 and decreased Bax protein compared with lead-treated only. Conclusion: It seems that ascorbic acid may reduce the lead-induced toxicity in central nervous system.

Purpose: To isolate and purify unrestricted somatic stem cells from human umbilical cord blood and evaluation of their differentiation into chondrocyte in vitro.Materials and Methods: In this study cells from human umbilical cord blood were isolated and plated in flask. Colonies were performed after one week. To determine the kind of cells, 100000 cells were analysed with flowcytometry. Twenty thousands (200000) of cells were plated in 6 wells that coated with poly-L-lysine II and incubated in chondrogenic medium to analyze the differentiation of these cells into cartilage. After 24 hs the first pletted cells were formed that continued to be existing to 21 days. The culture of cells were exchanged into chondrogenic culture every two days. At the end of differentiation period and 3 weeks the cells were analyzed by Alcian blue, immunohistichemistry and RT-PCR In addition these cells were passaged 50 times and their karyotyping analyzed.Results: In early days of primary cultures , the number of spindle cells were increased and almost purified in second passage. The differentiation by RT-PCR analysis showed high production of collagen II , aggrican, BMP-6 and collagen that all are the specific genes of chondrocye cells. and.histochemistry assay showed that the methachromatic matrix was accumulated between the cells and expression of collagenII was confirmed. Karyotyping analysis showed high passages for these cells that was expected.Conclusion: Cultured USSC Differentiated into a chondroblast cell linage potential source for cell transplantation for roumatoied arthirits as soon as cord blood is better source for mesenchymal Stem cells against bone marrow.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of lithium chloride on MSCs in vitro expansion rate.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, bone marrow from 8 rats was plated at 5×105- cells/cm2 in the presence of 1,2,5,7 and 10 mM Lithium chloride and expanded through 3 passages. Twelve days after initiatial culture, the cells of different groups were stained with crystal violet in order to compare the number and diameter of the colonies. Also the cells from different groups were compared in terms of the population doubling (PD) during the 1-3 passages. Different groups of growth curves were plotted for the third passage cells. At the end of cultivation period, the cells were examined wheatear they could differentiate into bone and adipose cells.Results: The Number and diameter of the colonies in primary cultures treated with 5mM lithium chloride were significantly higher than those of control and other groups (P<0.001). The cell population in the culture with 5 mM lithium chloride was doubled in average 12.02±0.04 times during 1-3 passages that was significantly higher than other groups. Compared to other groups, the cells from 5 mM group were reached platue in a short time (4.9 days) (P<0.001). Alizarin red staining for bone and oil red for adipose cells indicated that the cells in different studied groups preserved their differentiation potential.Conclusion: Finally, it seems that the presence of 5 mM litium chloride in the cultures of rat bone marrow cells enhances the MSC in vitro expansion rate while maintaining their bone and adipose differentiation potential.

Purpose: Separation, prolifration of stem cells and repairing of injured parts using these cellsMaterials and Methods: This was a Lab-Experimental study. We used 6 male albino rabbits. At first, under general anesthesia 5x5 cm2 full thickness skin from one of the rabbits separated, washed using 70% alcohol and inserted in cold HBSS. Then it was cut into 4-6 mm pieces, washed again and incubated in Tripsin- EDTA 0.1% for 30 minutes at 37C. The cell suspention was then centrifuged and resuspended in DMEM culture. After 10 dayes the cells separated from the bed using Tripsin method. In experimental group the wounds were sprayed with 2 ml cultured keratinocytes cells and bandaged with vazeline. In control group just the skin was removed and the wounds healed withought cell spray. At the end of 4th week all rats were sacrificed, the repaired regions separated and studied with H&E and tricrom mason staining.Results: In cell studies, the colonies of stem cells were visible using special staining. In Histological studies the epiderm of repaired wounds with cells were normal but the keratoid layers were thiner than normal skin. No sweat gland was observed. Other findings were: shorter finger nodes, regular collagen fiber in dermal layer and wider vesseles.Conclusion: This method of cell culture would repaire a wide region and obtain a normal skin in a little time.

Purpose: To examine the effect of formaldehyde on somniferous ducts of laboratory animals.Materials and Methods: This study investigated 24 male Balb/c mice 20 days old that randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The Experimental group was administered every other days at the rate of 0.25 mg/kg formaldehyde intrapritoneally for 20 days. The control group received the same volume of normal saline during the same period of times. At the end of exposure time, the sample of both groups were anesthetized and Transected. Their removed testies were processed, serially sectioned and histochemically studied.Results: Our findings showed that the mean of internal diameter of somniferous tubules decreased significantly in experimental group compared to control group while the mean of external diameter was the same in both groups. Furthermore the prolifration rates of I and II spermatocytes were decreased significantly in experimental group compared to control group.Conclusion: The findings indicate that administration of formldehyde can influence the structure of male reproductive system and affect on spermatogenesis procedure.

Purpose: To provide a comprehensive and precise research for population studies on the association of dermatoglyphic patterns on cleft lip/palate deficitsMaterials and Methods: This was a case-control observational study that conducted in North Khorasan on 1386. Using a simple random sampling individuals with cleft/lip palate were allocated to case group and their matched health cases were considered as control. Palm and finger prints were done in the sample. In addition a-b, b-c and c-d counts, atd angel measurement and dermatoglyphics patterns of finger tips of both hands were made and the differences were compared between two groups. Palm prints were studied by an expert for quantitive and qualative characters and Statistical analysis was performed using by SPSS software.Results: Our findings showed that the group and sex did not affect the mean of a-b, b-c, c-d counts and mean of atd angle of right and left hands.The mean of a-b in females and males of both groups were similar (38.63 and 38.89 respectively). There were no significant differences between TABRC of males and females and right or left hands in both groups. The c-d count and atd angle of right hand was more than the left. The most frequent finger pattern in both hands was loop in both groups. There were no significant differences between two groups regarding the pattern of finger tips of both hands.Conclusion: In contrast of several studies that indicate there are special dermatoglyphic patterns in patients with cleft lip/palate, this study did not find any statistical differences between two groups regarding palm count and finger tips patterns of both hands. Since several environmental and hereditary factors would affect on the disease occurance, there is need to larger studies among different populations.

Purpose: To determine the optimal technique for maintaining hippocampus vibratome sections volume.Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on three rat hippocampus. The first hippocampus was embedded in paraffin and using rotary microtome forty sections were cut in a nominal thickness of 100 micrometer. They were then ordinary stained. The two others were cut into 80 sections by a calibrated vibratome to 100μm thick sections. The first 40 series of vibratome sections were routinely stained and the second sections stained free-floating and embedded in resin with thionin. Section thickness was measured with a microcator mounted to a microscope. The distribution of neurons in section’s density was assessed. Results: The findings showed that Means±SD in free-floated and routine-stained vibratome sections were 74.5±6.18, 41.2±4.33 respectively while in paraffin sections was 46.3±5.95. Also the results indicated that neuronal density in the upper and lower surface of free-floated sections was lower while the distribution in the 70% of the middle part of the section was fairly uniform. Neuronal density in the upper and lower surface of ordinary stained vibratome sections was higher. Paraffin sections had higher neuronal densities at upper and lower surface while a lower and nonuniform distribution of neurons was observed at the central layer.Conclusion: The most critical stage in routine staining procedure of vibratome sections is the duration that they are dried in air and on glass slides that results to permanent reduced thickness of sections. However in resin embedding procedure the reduced thickness of sections was minimal because the sections are not exposed to air at any stages. On the other hand, the consistent distribution of neurons in the most part of section thickness allows one to estimate sterologically the number of neurons in hippocampus using vibratome sections.

Purpose: To report a variation in ulnar nerve and its importance in carpal tunnel syndrome surgery.Case report: The case is a patient that due to pain in carpal region and parasthesia in the second and third digits of both hands had referred. In physical examination there were phalan test and tinel sign. Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conducting (NC) confirmed the carpal tunnel syndrome and the surgery was conducted on the left hand. During surgery an aberrant branch found on retinaculum flexore that separated from ulnar nerve in Gugon's canal. The branch crossed with retinaculum flexor and then tended toward thenar muscles Forming a neuroma.Conclusion: Regarding the crossing of the aberrant branch with retinaculum flexor, it should be distinguished during releasing of retinaculum flexor in carpal tunnel syndrome surgery.Carelessness about this aberrant branch and its cutting leads to impairment of thumb movement.