Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
Year:2001 | Volume:8 | Issue:2 (20)|Papers Count:16

This quasi-experimental research was conducted in 1377 in Kahrizak, Tehran. 30 depressed women were purposely selected from among 50 depressed women. Beck's depression measure and a demographic questionnaire were used for data collection. After determining the baseline of the scale, the subjects were randomly divided into case and control groups. Dohsa-Hou was continued for the cases for 6 weeks, every other day, allocating 45 minutes for each subject. The results were analyzed after the treatment. Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney and Willcaxon tests were used. The findings indicated a significant difference between depression scores of the cases before and after treatment, and the depression scores of the two groups after the treatment. Finally, the research hypothesis was proved.

181 patients referring to the Clinic of Optometry at Mashad University of Medical Sciences were studied for their headache and its types. Spss and Excel 2000 computer software, using z-test scores, were utilized for data analysis. The results indicated that most headaches could be, in origin, a result of refractive errors especially the astigmatism. Finally, it was recommended for people suffering from headaches to consult with ocular practitioners.

This study was conducted to study bone metabolism indices such as Calcium, Phosphorus and Alkalen phosphatase in 26 patients; 23 of them received 100-200 mg/day levothyroxine and 3 received levothyroxine 50 mg/day. 17 patients with simple goiter (14 F, 3 m), 3 patients with benign thyroid (all female) and 6 patients (2 F, 4 m) with primary hypothyroidity were under treatment with thyroid hormones for 6 to 24 months. 5 patients were under 17 years of age, 13 patients from 17 to 40 years and 8 of them over 40. Patients of each group were divided into two groups; (a) patients with subclinical hyperthyroidity due to the treatment and (b) patients with normal FTI, T3 RU, T3 and T4, after taking the hormones. A homogeneous control group including 45 subjects with confirmed health were also selected. The statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the cases and controls. However, the comparison of the mean Alkalen phosphatase concentration revealed that there was a significant increase in 17-40-year subjects of the first group; while, the difference seemed insignificant among other age groups. It was concluded that thyroid hormones caused subclinical hyperthyroidity, bone metabolism was affected, bone mass decreased leading to the risk of bone fracture with a little pressure.

Pap smear test has been known as an excellent method for the discernment and screening of cervix cancer for about 50 years, its success rate being 80 to 90% rendering about 10 to 20 percents of false negative results in most cases. This experimental crossover study, conducted in 1377-1378 in one of the general hospitals of Tehran, Iran, was meant to check the effect of training on the quality and sensitiveness of the pap smear test, applying an easily accessible and low-cost method. 5 students were randomly selected out of 25 postgraduate students of gynecology to receive the training. They were both case and control of the study. 532 samples before and 545 samples after the training were randomly selected out of their routine samples. The samples were sent to a pathologist as blind samples, which were finally divided into three categories: (a) satisfactory, (b) less than optimal and (c) unsatisfactory. The results indicated that pertaining samples included 61.02% of satisfactory samples, 34.7% less than optimal and 3.9% unsatisfactory; the rates after the training turned into 87.8%, 9.55 and 2.5% respectively. A significant difference was found to exist between two sets of samples. The proportion of abnormal slides were more likely to occur in samples taken from experimental (educated) group than in the control group; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Therefore, the results suggest the effectiveness of training (correct sampling technique) on Pap Smear quality and sensitiveness. Through enhancing Pap Smear quality and sensitiveness, the chances of diagnosing cervix cancer increases considerably.

Mental Strain, the disease of the century, has been the focus of study for most researchers. This study was conducted to develop the prognosis concerning the correlation of mental stressors and such psychosomatic complications as hypertention. Therefore, 60 employed ladies of 30-50 years were randomly selected and assigned into two groups with homogeneous age, gender and education; control and case groups were of normal and high blood pressure respectively. Mental stressors were determined as for their intensity and frequency through stress measurement tests. The analyzed data indicated that inflation and high cost of living, cold, nervousness were the most important stressors for the cases. While, early getting up, inflation, low income, and arthrosis with a frequency of 74.1% were considered the most important stressors for the control group. It was concluded that stressors played a prominent part in the occurrence of psychosomatic diseases such as hypertension.

DNA polymerase enzyme undertakes the DNA replication and in molecular research, DNA polymerase enzymes, especially thermostable enzymes, have great importance. In this research, thermostable DNA polymerase is extracted from Bacillus caldotenax isolated from Gainarjah hot spa in Sabalan region. The Bacteria were cultured in Luria-Bertani broth and harvested in logarithm phase. Crude cell extracts were prepared using lysozyme and sonication. Purification was performed by ammonium sulfate precipitation and three steps of chromatography with DEAE-sephadex, phosphocellulose and Heparin sepharose. DNA polymerase enzyme was purified 124-fold and specific activity of the purified enzyme was 216.7 (U/mg). DNA polymerase had the highest activity at 70º c. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be approximately 92000 dalton using SDS-PAGE.

Episiotomy occurs in 50% to 90% of labors. Perineal laceration is also quite common, with complications affecting women's health. This study was conducted to survey the effects of the perineal massage on the decreasing of the lacerations in primiparous women. This blind clinical trial involved two groups. The samples including 80  primiparous women referring to Health Clinics in Bojnoord, Iran, were collected in steps in 1379. The experimental group was trained to do the perineal massage 10 minutes daily from the 34-37 weeks of their pregnancy to the labor; they were asked to fill in a form to have a record of their massage. All labors were performed by two predetermined midwives. The study data were collected through interview forms and observation checklists during pregnancy and labor. The analyzed data indicated that the laceration incidence in control and experinental groups were 45.2% and 9.7% respectively. Laceration without episiotomy in control and experimental groups were 64.7% and 85.7% respectively. Childbirths with unharmed perineum were 14.3% and 35.3% for experimental and control groups respectively. The average episiotomy lengths for the control and experimental groups were 3.7 ± 107 and 3 ±1 cm respectively; the average depths were 2.1 ± 1 and 1.7 ± 0.6 cm for control and experimental groups respectively. First order laceration and unilateral paraurethral were more frequent in the experimental group than in the control group, the second order laceration and bilateral paraurethral being less frequent. It was also observed that episiotomy and laceration significantly correlated with occupation, second active phase of the labor and the infant's head. It was finally concluded that perineal massage decreased labor episiotomy and increased first order and paraurethral laceration; therefore, it can be recommended as a safe and inexpensive way to reduce perineal injuries during childbirth.

Preeclampsia-eclampsia is an important complication in pregnancy and is also a threat for both mother and the fetus. This study, conducted in four hospitals of Tehran, Iran, in 1998-1999, included 100 primiparous wowen who were randomly selected in a blind way; they were assigned into control and case groups. The cases received 800 mg/day garlic tablet; while the controls received the same amount of placebo, both from week 28 through week 32 (6 weeks on the whole). Pregnancy results, such as blood pressure, preeclampsia, fetus weight and early labor were all evaluated. Age, body mass index, blood group, pregnancy age, average arterial pressure at the beginning of the study did not affect the results. Gestational blood pressure of the cases, in comparison with that of the control group, showed a significant decrease. However, no significant difference was found to exist between the two groups. The results suggested that garlic was of no significant effect on the prevention of preeclampsia and that research in a larger population is demanded.

Due to the importance of eye vision and ocular disorders during the performance of Hajj rituals, ophthalmological services were also included in medical services for pilgrims. This descriptive analytical study was conducted during the pilgrimage to recognize the common ophthalmic disorders. The study included receiving their complaints, reviewing their medical history and performing eye examinations. The sample included 324 men and 139 women referring to the clinic, their average age being 52.92 Years. The results indicated that the average age of the subjects in Medina was the highest, while it was the lowest in Mena. Most clients in Mecca were men, while few men referred to the eye ehinic in Mena. Conjunctivitis in Medina, spectacle prescription in Mecca and trauma in Mena were found to be of higher prevalence than in any other place.

In 1930, Detoni, Debre and Fanconi, independently, reported several cases of children with glycosuria, hypophosphatemia and rickets; the disease was later called Fanconi syndrome. This syndrome is in fact a renal proximal tubular dysfunction that results in the excretion of aminoacids, glucose, phosphates and bicarbonates with the urine. Cystinosis is a hereditary autosomal recessive disease with three different clinical presentations: the juvenile form with mild renal involvement, the adult form without any renal involvement and in children presented as Fanconi syndrome. Three interesting cases of cystinosis are reported in this paper.

Wilson's disease, a hereditary defect of copper metabolism, is a rare and fatal, but treatable condition that often presents diagnostic dilemmas. Hepatic presentations mimics almost all kinds of liver disease and the diagnosis is based on clinical findings. Findings, family history, presence of Kayser-Flescher rings and results of key labratory tests, such as low serum ceruloplasmin level, increased urinary copper excretion and Hepatic Copper content. The aim of this report is to consider normal serum ceruloplasmin level, normal urinary copper excretion and absence of kayser-Frescher ring in one patient with acute hepatitis whose diagnosis of Wilson's disease was delayed for one year until neuropsychiatry manifestations and kayser-Flescher ring appeared. So it is important to consider the diagnosis of Wilson's disease in all patients with hepatitis with unknown etiology.

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is one of the commonest diagnoses for hospitalized patients in industrial countries, bringing a bout a death toll of a bout 30%. In Iran, diseases involving coronary vessels are prevalent; statistics indicated that 2362 out of 3276 patients with ischemic diseases suffered from AMI in medical clinics of Tehran, Iran. Unfortunately, most AMI patients are opium addicts. In the present study, 116 AMI patients were studied in two groups of addicts and non - addicts. The study data were collected through a questionnaire and a checklist for examination records. The results indicated that some complications, such as risky ventral dysrhy thmia, cardiogenic shoch deficiencies of the heart, carcliac arrest and deuth toll, occurred considerably more in addicts than in non-addicts.