Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
Year:2003 | Volume:10 | Issue:2 (28)|Papers Count:15

This study is designed to examine the effects of different concentrations of citrate/blood ratio on prothrombin time and its dependence on incubation time at zero and after five hours. Blood samples were randomly taken from 50 male healthy subjects and were prepared for test at citrate/blood concentrations of 0.1/1.9, 0.2/1.8, 0.3/1.7, 0.4/1.6. ml. At two aforementioned times, prothrombin times were determined using different concentrations and the results were compared. We found a significant relationship between different prothrombin time of different concentration ratios at zero. Their comparison five hours after incubation time did not reveal any significant correlation. The findings indicated that there were no differences between the samples as for their incubation time. Therefore, we may conclude that the time needed for sample preparation, transportation, storage and incubation at room temperature were of no significance and caused no alteration in the prothrombin time.

Clonidine is an antihypertensive drug with central effect which causes hemodynamic consistency due to its sedative effects. This study is conducted on 100 ASA patients of class 1 and 2, who were assigned into the list of elective surgery. High blood pressure and pulse due to intubation were controlled using 5 µg/kg of oral clonidine an hour prior to the operation. Therefore, it is highly recommended for lowering Bp and pulse in elective surgery.

Cardiorascular diseases (CVD) are one of the major problems in the world health, accounting for 40% of the total mortality. Hypertension, obesity and smoking are among factors contributing to CVD. Nutritional factors like sodium, potassium and fat play important parts among these risk factors. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to survey the prevalence of CVD risk factors in hypertension, blood sugar, serum cholesterol and triglyceride, obesity, smoking, serum sodium and potassium in patients referring to Modarres hospital in Tehran, Iran. 70 files were randomly taken out from among the patients files at hospital. Obtained data were analyzed using paired t-test. Average age of the patients was 57.6 ± 8.9; the results iudicated a high prevalence for some factors like smoking (28%), enhanced systolic bp (34.4%), enhanced diastolic bp (18. 6%) and BMI (51.4%). A significant relationship was found to exist between BMI and smoking with an increase in triglyceride, cholesterol, blood sugar, systolic and diastolic bp (P<0.001). Also, a significant relationship was found between systolic and diastolic bp with sodium, potassium and sodium / potassium ratio (P<0.001). Finally, it is recommended to pay special attention to major risk factors which are controllable; bp control, eating habits, obesity control and a reduction in smoking are advised for the prevention of CVD.

Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD) are more common in Africa and Asia, specicifically in the Middle East, than in Europe and America for rather unknown reasons. We do not have enough relevant information in our country including Isfahan. This study is conducted to fill in such a gap. In this case-control study, we filled out a checklist for every GTD patient hospitalized at one of the two hospitals under investigation in Isfahan, Iran. Controls were randomly selected from among other patients with no history of GTD, hospitalized at the same hospital. The number of controls were three times more than cases. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS using Chi-square test. The findings revealed no significant relationship between GTD and blood group, Rh and consangunity. A relatively significant relationship, however, was observed when we divided the patients into three groups on the basis of their degree of relation. Also, some relationship was found to exist between GTD and age, gravid and the history of abortion. In some references, some effects of the O - group or interaction of blood groups of parents on GTD, but no such interaction is reported to exist between Rh and GTD. In our study, we found that consanguinity had no effect on GTD; however, marriage with third degree relatives is likely to partly increase the risk of GTD. Different results may be found in related literature. Therefore, further research is recommended to be conducted. On age, gravid and history of abortion, we found results similar to previous literature.

Chemical eye burns are among the most important emergencies and often lead to the acute decrease in visual acuity or apparent damage to the eye. Alkalines, more powerful in destroying cell membranes , penetrate into the lower layers of the tissues and cause greater damage to the eyes. The greatest damage occurs at PH>11. However, acids form a complex with the corneal stromal proteins, which delays the penetration of acids into the lower tissues. Alkalines, in general, are more deleterious to the eyes than acids. Minor burns due to alkalines and acids manifest similar clinical presentations. Perilimbal damage is the most important factor in determining the damage scope and its recovery prognosis. Cornea lacking the epithelium shows little resistance against collagenesis; therefore, any delay in the formation of new epithelium makes the cornea vulnerable to more damage. The first step in every chemical burn is the prompt irrigation of the injuries with ample water, which must take at least 30 minutes. Immediately afterwards, local antibiotics are inevitable. Cycloplegics are essential in all eye burns except in very rare cases. Corticosteroids are useful in the first week as acute eye complaints are among the most common causes of referring to GPs. Due to lack of sufficient experience and diagnostic facilities, it is meant, in this paper, to present the practitioners with the essential information needed for the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from chemical eye burns before referring to the ophthalmologist so that the complaints and after-effects of chemical eye burns are significantly reduced.

Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) through fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a simple and safe procedure with few complications. It is helpful in diagnosing diffuse and localized paranchymal lung diseases. Its diagnostic accuracy varies according to the character of lung lesions. Sarcoidosis and lymphangitic spread of cancer are more likely to be diagnosed by TBLB. This study is conducted to evaluate the histologic results of TBLB and to compare them with radiographic patterns. 134 patients, with lung lesions on chest radiography, went under TBLB during two years. At least, 3-4 biopsies were taken from the involved sites and sent for histologic study; histologic findings were then compared with different radiographic patterns while studying TBLB complications. From 134 cases, definite diagnosis was made for 75 cases (56%); in 56 cases (44%) the diagnosis was normal or non - specific. Tuberculosis, malignancy, sarcoidosis, fibrosis and miscelaneous diseases such as Boop, Eosinophilic pneumonia and pneumoconiosis were among diseases diagnosed by TBLB. Diagnostic yield was high in patients with bilateral hilarlymphadenopathy on their radiography (71%); it was 69% in diffuse paranchymal infiltration; the least diagnostic yield was observed in localized lung involvement (28%). Pneumothorax developed in three cases (22%); bleeding of less than 50cc in five patients (3.2%) ceased spontaneously in all cases. There was no fatality among patients.

Posterior fossa in cranium consists of cerebellum, brain stem, cranial nerve, fourth ventricle and vertebrobasal artery tree. Posteriar fossa tumors are one of the common brain neoplasms especially in children. To determine the clinicodemographic features of these tumors, a cross-sectional study in Kerman was designed and implemented. 386 cases of brain tumors were evaluated from 1375 through 1380 and 70 were posterior fassa tumors. 36 cases were female and 34 male. Mean age was 23.1±18.5 years and ages under 20 years old were the most frequent. Astrocytoma had 22 (31.4%) patients, medolloblastoma 18 (25.7%), meningioma 9 (12.9%), Acostic neuroma 9 (12.9%), Epidermoid tumor 6 (8.6%), Hemangioblastoma 2 (2.9%), Epandymoma, Oligodendroglioma, Plexus chroid papiloma, and Dermoid tumors each had one case (1.4%); Headache was the most common complaint. Astrocytoma and Medolloblastoma occured in childhood and adolescence. Findings suggested that posterior fassa tumors were common in children, which is in line with previous studies.

Thalassemias are the most common disorders in Hemoglobin production characterized by a reduction in Hemoglobin synthesis. With different genetic characteristics in each society, the carriers may experimentally have different phenotype characteristics. This research was conducted to determine the conditions of experimental findings in the parents of infants suffering from major thalassemia. 42 parents were selected to be studied in this descriptive study as for their CBC, MCV, MCH, the number of Hb, RBC, and F and A 2 Hemoglobin; 2 ml blood was taken from each and put in vials containing K3EDTA for CBC by means of ABX cell counter and Hemoglobin electrophoresis with cellulose acetat in alkaline PH and sent to laboratory. MCV lower than 80 ft, MCH lower than 27 pg and HBA 2 higher than 3.5% were respectively considered as major disorders in CBC and Hemoglobin electrophoresis. In all cases, MCV, MCH and HBA 2 were absolutely different from the normal range; the reference ranges for MCV and MCH are 65-73.7 and 17.7-24pg respectively. RBC was higher in 64.3% and lower in 33.3% than the normal range (0.8%-1.4%). The differences observed in this study may be attributed to the variety of genetic mutations especially to the rather high number of mutated genes in Iran; this implies further research in other geographical areas.

Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the three main factors in maternal mortality especially in developing countries. Improper uterine contraction following the labor is the most common cause of obstetric hemorrhage. This clinical trial was conducted to compare the therapeutic effects of two treatments: calcium gluconate and IV hypertonic glucose. 150 patients with atony following normal vaginal delivery (NVD) or cesarean (CLS) were divided into three groups: (1) taking both calcium gluconate and hypertonic glucose, (2) taking IV calcium gluconate and (3) taking IV hypertonic glucose. Beforehand, a complete history, physical examination and laboratory tests, if needed, were obtained to rule out diabetes, hypertension, or other physical/cardiovas cular disorders. Also, blood samples were obtained to determine the levels of calcium and glucose. The results of the treatment responses were as follows: (1) 80% in NVD; 60% in CLS and 70% total. (2) 76% in NVD; 52% in CLS and 64% total. (3) 73.3% in NVD; 46.7% in CLS and 60% total. It was finally concluded that the frequently of treatment responses was higher in the group taking both calcium gluconate and hypertonic glucose. Also, it was higher in NVD patients.

Systemic lupus erythemoatiosus (SLE) is a disease of unknown etiology which affects multiple organ systems. Hydatic cyst, also, is one of the most common diseases in Iran and many underdeveloped countries as well; it's prevalence increases with age, and the highest rates were seen in housewives, farmers and shepherds. This paper reports a female 22 - year patient with SLE and hydatic cysts of lung and liver. An operation was to be performed on her lung but it seemed inoperable. Therefore, a course of treatment with Albendazole was started. When she returned for follow - up after 9 months, a reduction in the size of her lung hydatic cyst was noted. It is concluded that hydatic cysts may threaten the lives of patients with SLE due to abnormal hormonal and cellular immunity and drugs such as corticosteroids and immuosuppressive agents which are prescribed for treatment.