Year:2008 | Volume:13 | Issue:1|Papers Count:27

The ARIMA procedure presents the parameter estimates for a given seasonal or non-seasonal univariate ARIMA model. It also computes the fitted values, forecasting values and other related variables for the model. The appropriate model for poultry meat price forecasting is estimated using weekly data including 112 observation in total. Using Box-Jenkins (BJ) methodology and as a result of estimating different ARIMA models, the best model including first order autoregressive and seasonal autoregressive with lag 12 is selected. It means that the actual poultry meat price can be forecasted by corresponding data on lags 1 and 12.

This reaserch was conducted in completely randomaized design with four replications in order to study the rate of absorbtion and distribution of minerals in seedling shoots and roots of citrus rootstocks in the sotuth Iran. Rootstocks used in this reaserch were included; sour orange (Citrus aurantium), sweet lime (C. limetta), Mexican lime (C. aurantifolia), volkamer lemon (C. volkameriana) and Bakraei (C. retiulata´C. limetta). At the end of experiment, growth indeces, chlorophyll content and concentration of macro and micro elements were measured in shoots and roots.Results showed that rootstocks were significantly differ in growth measured indeces.Sweet lime had the bigger vegetative growth. Concentration of minerals were normal except of phosphorus in Mexican lime and Manganse in Mexican lime, sour orange and volkamerlemon. General concluded that under condition of such experiment, for propagation of these rootstocks do not need the use of mineral elements.

Rhizoctonia solani-induced Sugar beet seedling damping off is one of the most important diseases of Sugar beet in Iran. Since the causal agent is a soil borne fungus therefore, chemical control is not always effective. In addition, wide spread use of chemicals has resulted in pollution of the environment and appearance of resistant races of the pathogens. The need for the search of alternative methods to control this disease is therefore clearly obvious. Biological control could be a promising alternative method. In this study, the possibility of biological control of the disease using bacterial antagonists was investigated. Twenty Three bacterial isolates, isolated from Cotton and Sugar beet field soil were first screened against Rhizoctinia solani in the laboratory using dual culture method. Ten isolates which showed highest effectiveness were selected for further evaluation in the green house experiments. In green house experiments, the above isolates were tested against damping off disease caused by two isolates of R solani using seed coating and soil drench methods. Analysis of the results showed that 5 out of 10 isolates were the most effective in reducing Sugar beet seedling damping-off significantly (compared to the control). Of the above mentioned isolates, 4 isolates belonged to Bacillus spp. and the other isolate were identified as Pseudomonas spp based on bacterial identification tests.

The goal of the present research is recognition and survey the effective economic and social factors on the ranges destruction at Damavand city - theran province. For this research, 118 range managers Grom among the 600 persons from the whole statistical society have been choosen as the sample society. By using the questionary forms, the necessary informations were accumulated.-and the sampling method has been the random proportionaling classification that sample persons were choosen among the jont (collective) range managers over persons. The present research method in view of the aim is practical-and in view of the research method is as correlation description. According to the research achievements, From among the whole studied in dependent variants (alternatives), the social variants with 5 meaningful relations with relative variants »Ranges, destruction degree« has been on the top and after that the economical independent variants with two meaningful relations, and at the end the indivitual specifications variants with a meaningful relation with the related dependent variants, »Ranges destruction degree« are pleced on ' the next rank. Finally according to the statistical achievements of multi - alternatives regression as the step by step method, the inclination degree of the range menagers for participation of in ranges preservation and rehabilitation, the knowledge level about range management correct principles, availability rate to the storage and the age one the most important variants, which had meaningful relation with the related variants. With consideration to the research achievements, the following cases are recommended; 1- Using the cash or non-monetary in attracting the more participation of range managers in participatory activities.2- Using the extension-training classes in order to the promotion of the quality and quantity knowledge level of the range managers about the range management correct principles.3- Using the communication and information resources such as promoter, and veterinarians in order to utilization of the range-managers from the above mentioned cases.4- Using the communication means (audio - visual) for the literate and illiterate livestock owners and range managers.

In order to investigation of succese of Black locust species plantation in Arak city, an area covered with forest strip circea 85 ha was selected Black locust species was given three treatments including: an area with suitable and organized management and high social effects, an area with moderate irregular management and medium social effects and an area with low and unorganized management with low social effects.Line sampling method was used for forest inventory considering of the area's strip structure.79 samples were taken with 200 m in distance with 200 m2 area for each sample. In each sample, qualitative and quantitative characteristics recorded. T and Turkey tests were applied for quantitative data analysis and also Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square tests for qualitative data. Four soil profiles were digged for investigation of soil condition in study area. In each profile, two soil samples (in depth 0-30 and 30-60 cm) were taken to analyze for determination of soil chemical and physical properties.In order to analyze soil characteristics, multi -variable analysis, e.g. principal components analysis (PCA) was exploited. The results show that area with regular management is more fertile than otl; 1ertreatments. The evaluation of plantation success with Black locust species is regarded more preponderated considering the quantitative characteristics and plantation establishment indices. But considering the qualitative characteristics and aesthetic issues as well as visual vision are regarded, Black locust is generally possessing of more privileges.

Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), is the most destructive insect pest of wheat in Iran. Breeding of resistant cultivares is the most economical and environmentally safe method to eliminate the use of insecticides and to reduce crop losses due to the pest. This sttidy was conducted to evaluate the host preference and performance of sunn pest at differential stages including overwintered adults, 4thand 5thnymphal instars and newly emerged adults using 9 wheat cultivars.Four durum wheat cultivars comprising "Shahdas", "Altar-84", "Dipper-6" and "Massara-1" and five bread wheat cultivars comprising "Moghan-1", "Tabasi", "Niknejad", "Anza" and "Tajan" were grown in Abarkouh, Yazd, as a highly infested area, using a Randomized Complete Block Design with 4 replications in a fan layout.The results indicated that the cultivars had different reactions to the different developmental stages of sunn pest.Overwintered adults showed the highest and the lowest preference to the "Niknejad" and "Tabasi" bread wheat cultivars, respectively.On the other hand, 4thand 5thnymphal instars as well as the newly emerged adults had the highest performance to "Tabasi" and lowest one to "Tajan".

Quantitative description of infiltration process is crucial for many applications as well as modeling purposes. The importance of the infiltration process has enforced the soil and water researchers to model this process for quantitative applications. In this research, the performance of some infiltration models (i.e. Kostiakov, kostiakov- Lewis, Horton and Philip) were evaluated. Therefore, the double ring infiltration data of 123 points from some different soil series were collected. The parameters of these models were then obtained, using sum of least squares error method. In order to quantify the prediction accuracy of the models, the mean error (ME), the root mean square error (RMSE), the mean absolute of mean error (MAME) and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) were obtained. The results indicated that Kostiakov-Lewis model had the best performance, while Kostiakov and Philip models had the worst accuracy. The performance of Kostiakov, Horton and Philip models were highly related to the location in which the data were collected. While, the performance of Kostiakov-Lewis models was not site-specific. The performance of all models varied in different soil textures, except Kostiakov-Lewis model. Totally, the evaluation of the models shown that at description of soil water infiltration Kostiakov-Lewis is the best and Kostiakov and Philip models do that with the least accuracy.

By-products of steelmaking industry such as slag and converter sludge that have alkaline pH could be used as a cheaper liming material to increase pH and reduce the micro and heavy element availability to determine the effect of these substance on soil chemical properties, a field experiment was stablished. This work was performed in 18 plots with 40m area, 6 treatments (control, 0.5% and 1% slag, 0.5% and 1% converter sludge, 0.5% slag+ 0.5%converter sludge based on the dry soil weight) with 3 replicates on tea rows using a completely randomized design (CRD).Amendments were mixed in 15 cm depth of soil at spring. After 2 months from mixing, soils sampling were done at 5 stages (every 45 days and from 0-15 cm depth).Application of slag and converter sludge treatments could act as liming materials and increased soil pH significantly.Slag treatments caused more pH increasing than converter sludge treatments and soil pH increased linearly with increasing the rate of slag and converter sludge.DTPA-extractable Zn and Mn were significantly lower in all by-product treatments than that of the control treatment. DTPA-extractable Cu in soil in the 1% slag treatment was:, significantly lower than in the control treatment.There were no significant differences in DTPA-extractable Cd among all treatments and the control. Soil Fe in all treatments, except 1% converter sludge treatment, showed a significant decrease as compared with control.

This experiment was conducted to determine the performance of hybrids of silkworm Bombyx mori under stress of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (N.P.V) Infection. In this experiment that accomplished at summer of 1999, 20 hybrids of Iran by means of a completely randomized design with 5 replications for each treatment were used and the economical traits including vitality of larvae and pupae, number of produced cocoons, single cocoon weight and percentage of cocoon shell were recorded and analyzed. From the obtained results, the hybrids of 107K' 108K, 107K' 124K and101433' 114 significantly (P<0.05) showed the highest number of produced cocoons. Furthermore, hybrids of 107K' 108K, 107K' 124K, 101433' 114 and 31' 32 significantly (P<0.05) had the superior performance in comparison to other treatments from the aspect of cocoon yield.However hybrids of 113K' 114K, 113K' 108K and 107K' 124K significantly (P<0.05) showed the highest vitality of pupae in cocoons.Furthermore 107K´124 Khad superior performance

An experiment was conducted to determine the best index for predicting wheat yield loss at the beginning and end of the growth season, estimation of quantity and portion of any of the weeds in interference with wheat, conducted in the research agriculture station in Islamic Azad university of Ghaemshahr in 2002. For this purpose, dimension of field 24*35 meter was chosen. In this area, four strips with 35 meters long with 6 meters wide was chosen, equal to the position - sprayer. Then each strip was accidentally allocated to one of the f91l6wmgtreatments: Un controlling the weeds, controlling the narrow leaves weeds, controlling the wide leaves weeds, and controlling all of the weeds with using the suitable herbicides. Any strip was divided to two sections in lengthwise; in first section, density, leaf area and dry weight of wheat and weeds measured at the beginning of the season while in the second section these variables were measured during the harvest. The results show that at the beginning of the growth season, the best index to predict the wheat yield is wheat and weed relative leaf area, while at the end of the season it is for the leaves weight. The model which was used to explain the Intra-species and inter-species competition was based on the wheat grain weight reciprocal law. The model evaluation about independent variables of four species including Triticum aestivum, phalaris sp., Descurainia sophia and veronica persica at the beginning of the growth season showed that phalaris sp. could meaninglessly increase wheat growth and yield. More over, partial coefficient detennination was used to review the portion of any ariables (species). Among the wide leaf weeds, the most inhibition was allocated to the Descurainia sophia and the portion of the inter-species competition for reduce wheat yield was more than wheat intra species competition.

For comparing genetic diversity some of quantitative and qualitative important treat in 23 breeding population, In the base of hybridisation, that have done and choicing of single plant sigregate from the f1 after that have named with the title of one clone and 285 sorts of clone, that this number of treat having the most part of south American source from the Center International Potato (CIP), an experement was in the format statistical Augment desing in eight blocks.in breeding seed and plant improvement institue, with purpose of introducing figure, in the next years. Analysing variance on check numbers, showed that there is no signyfication difference between the blocks and check number.Comparing average did with LSD method that showed , the maximum yield single plant is about clones of 10c-15, 6c-14, 7c-4, 5cA, 2c-5, 18c-10 and in arrangment they are equal 2.51, 2.07, 2.06, 1.82, 1.58, 1.57kg. In regarding yield with, yeild maximum of correlation coefficient in boths of tested were about the numbers of big tuber.In path analyise for single plant yield, numbers of big tuber,, number of seed tuber, numbers of main stalk, day degree 50% sprout and lift forme the emount of each direct efect on yield are in arrangment -.15,.38,.75,.13, -.17. and all effects of them are positive. In analysing to factors, tree first factors, 60/2% from the alternation of yield. In cluster analysing hop-giving clones and with the culting of dendrogram in mixed distance 8 units macke 9 cluster. Max genetic distance amoung the hop-giving clones is about the ninth cluster. And sixth cluster include of every three check that assisted nearness of genetic distance this clones with check figure.

In order to study the source limitation and contribution of pre-anthesis assimilate to grain in dual-purpose (forage and grain) barley, a field experiment was carried out in Ahvaz region. The experiment design was split-plot in randomized complete block with tree replications. The application rates of N at four levels (60, 120, 180 and 220 KgN.ha-1) were main-plots. Sub-plots were three harvesting levels (Not cutting crop and cutting at five and 10 cm up to earth). Spikelet removal from one side of spike was used to determine source limitation. The results indicated that forage removal from five and 10 cm up to earth reduced grain yield 32% and 15.8%, respectively. The highest grain yield (530 g. m-2) was in 120 KgN.ha-1 treatment. Source limitation increased with harvesting treatment 28% and 23% in cutting the crop from five and 10, respectively. Generally, results shows grain yield reduced with increasing source limitation in dual-purpose barley. In cutting treatments, minimum source limitation was obtained with 270 KgN.ha-1.Dry matter translocation and the contribution of preanthesis assimilate to grain were effected by forage removal treatments.

In order to investigate the effect of plant density and planting pattern on Leaf Area Index, Crop Growth Rate, Relative Growth Rate, Rate and Duration of Grain Filling in com, an experiment was conducted on Safi Abad, Khouzestan Province, in 2002. The experimental design was a split-factorial in randomized complete block design with tree factors, including planting pattern, plant density and varieties, that replicated four times. Two promising hybrids of com, TWC600 and KSC720, were assigned to main plots, and factorial combination of plant densities (including.3 levels of 7, 8 and 9 plant per m2) and planting patterns (single and double row spacing) to subplots.Results indicated that early in the growing season before the appearance of reproductive organs, growth indices of both hybrids are similar. When the reproductive organs appeared (60 days after sowing), growth indices of KSC720 were greater than TWC600. These growth indices increased as plant density was increased. Further, increase of plant density caused grain filling duration decrease and grain filling rate increase. Planting pattern didn' t affect on grain filling rate and duration.

In order to investigate the effects of temperature on rain-fed wheat yield and NDVI, this research were take place. In this study temperature data and RS data were used together. in this study we use the images of MODIS satellite (250m) and SPOT satellite (1000m).For investigation the influence of temperature, cumulative of active temperature were used. SPSS soft ware were used for statistical analyze. Estimation of Pearson and Regression coefficient were statistical steps. At last by using that soft ware models were developed. The result implies that; temperature has significant influence on yield in five districts from seven district of Zanjan province. Additional results conduct that MODIS-NDVI shows more significant relation with temperature, but result of spot NDVI had more reality.

To study adaptability, stability and increasing of grain yield using of different pure lines of Sardari in pure and mixture sowing, this study carried out in RCB design with 12 genotypes and 3 replications during two cropping seasons (2000-2002) in 6 cold dryland agricultural research stations in Iran. Simple ANOVA and combined analysis of variance for two years in every location and also combined analysis for two years in six locations have implemented.Lin and Binns stability parameter, coefficient of variation and rank method were used for determination of stable genotypes. Results of combined ANOVA (2 yearsx6 locations) showed that differences among years, locations and genotypes and also interaction effects of year ´ location ´ genotype on grain yield were significant. The highest grain yield was belonged to second year (1.59 t/ha), Maragheh station (2.20t/ha) and genotype no.5 (1.56t/ha).Results of Lin and Binns method and coefficient of variation of grain yield showed that genotype no.6 (Sardari-HR 39) had better yield stability than others.The results of rank method showed that genotype no.5 (Sardari-HR 35) had higher grain yield stability than the other genotypes.

The allopathic effects of three plants (Triticum aestivum, Beta vulgaris and Zea mays) and five weeds (Avena fatua ,Secale cereale, Convolvulus arvensis, Sorghum halepense and Cyperus rotundus) on seed germination and seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgar) was investigated under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. The results showd that fresh shoot extracts of Convolvulus arvensis, Beta vulgaris and Secale cereale had significant effects on germination rate of barley seedlings and reduced it in 47, 42 and 25 percent, respectively. Fresh shoot or root extracts of these three plants reduced coleoptile length, root length and root dry weight of barley seedlings, too. Roots appeared more sensitive than shoots to allelopathic effects. Fresh plant extracts were more phytotoxic than dried plant extracts and also shoot eextracts had higher detrimental effects than root extract. Ingeneral, shoot extracts and residues of these three plants (fresh shoot extracts specially) reduced germination, root length, shoot length and root dry weight of barley seedlings significantly. This effect was more significant for Beta vulgaris.

In order to study the effects of Biofertilizers on seed yield and active substance in Fennel, an experiment was conducted at Hamand Research station in Damavand in 2005. The factors were mycorrhizal inoculation (inoculated and non-inoculated), biophosphate fertilizer (zero, 30 and 60 kg/ha) and vermicompost (zero, 5 and 10 t/ha).The experiment design was factorial experiment in the base of randomized complete blocks design with eighteen treatments and three replications. Also, these treatments with a fertilizer control treatment (N=90, P=60 and K=90 kg/ha) was evaluated using a randomized complete blocks design with nineteen treatments and three replications.The measured characteristics were seed yield, essential oil content in seed, essential oil yield and anethole content in essential oil. Mean comparison was carried out using duncan multiple range test (at 5% level). Results showed that the highest seed yield, essential oil content in seed, essential oil yield and anethole content in essential oil were obtained with mycorrhizal inoculum. Biophosphate fertilizer also showed significant effects on essential oil content in seed and essential oil yield. The maximum essential oil content in seed and essential oil yield were obtained from biophosphate fertilizer (60 kg/ha). The highest seed yield, essential oil content in seed, essential oil yield and anethole content in essential oil were obtained with consumption of 10 t/ha from vermicompost. Comparison of control versus biofertilizer treatments was significant, as seed yield in fifteenth biofertilizer treatment (mycorrhizal inoculation- 30 kg/ha biophosphate fertilizer-10 t/ha vermicompost) and essential oil content in seed and essential oil yield in eighteenth biofertilizer treatment (mycorrhizal inoculation -60 kg/ha biophosphate fertilizer- 10 t/ha vermicompost) were higher than control.

This experiment was conducted in order to study the effects of drought stress on the seed qualitative and germination characters of three lines of summer safflower in two part farm Study and laboratory s' study. In part of farm study during summer season by a split plots design, three lines of safflower (Isfahan-8, Isfahan-24 and Isfahan-44) at the four irrigation regimes to be grown to maturity. In continue seeds that to be produced in farm experiment part, transfer to laboratory and with standard germination and tetrazolium test their germination percentage, germination speed, seed viability and mean time of germination were calculated and seed qualitative to be determine. In final by yield seed of every treatment, Stress Intensity (SI) calculated.SI rates showed that irrigation treatments to be arrived different intensity drought stress to safflower canopy. Drought strees in safflower canopy was caused a little reduce in oil seed rate and kernel grain ratio, but didn't significant effect on the seed protein. Also effect of drought strees on the seed viability and speed seed germination and mean time germination were not significant, but seed germination percentage significantly increased. Isfahan-44 with 18.31 percentage of protein and isfahan-24 with 29.68 oil percentage were the best line but about germination characters were not significant different between lines. In this study were not significant interaction effects between irrigation and lines.

The aim of this study was evaluation and selection of desirable tuber size and the date of stem cutting on Agria variety in semi-cold temperature condition of East Azarbijan region in Iran. In this study, the first factor was the size of seed tuber (A) in two levels: 1) Whole tuber seed with 55-60 g (al).2) Whole tuber seed more than 80 g with length cut off (a2) The second factor was the date of stem cutting, with four levels (B) 1) Stem cut off 30 days before harvesting (b1) 2) Stem cut off 20 days before harvesting (b2) 3) Stem cut off 10 days before harvesting (b3) 4) Stem cutting at harvesting time (b4) each plot was 3 cultivated line, four meters long and plant distances in rows were 25 cm. Row distances in plots were 75 cm. The variance analysis of the results achieved from the quantitative characteristics in the experiment showed that there were significant variations among mean yield; mean main stems numbers, mean of big tubers weight, mean of tubers weight, mean of big tubers numbers and mean tubers numbers.As regard of qualitative factors (Bacterial and fungous infection) there were significant differences between treatment. The experiment indicated that difference between treatments with evaluation of quantitative factors, alb2 treatment (Whole tuber, with the stem cut off, 20 days before harvesting) and alb3 (The whole tuber, with the stem cut off, 10 days before harvesting) were in the class A, but alb2 treatment in study of quantitative factors, had less fungous and bacterial-infection under semi-cold temperature condition of Tabriz and can be introduced to Azarbaijan province and similar areas.

In order to study the effect of water deficit stress in reproductive development stage on agronomical and physiological, charactaristics in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes, a field experiment was conducted in split- plot design as base of randomized complete block design with four replications at field experimental of Seed and Plant Improvement Institue, Karaj in 2003. There were two factors, irrigation at two levels as irrigation after 80 mm evaporation from class "A" pan as control and water stress from stem elongation stage until physiological maturity) as main plots and spring genotypes in ten levels: Ogla, 19-H, Hyola 401 (canada), Hyola 401 (safiabad), Hyola 401 (borazjan), Hyola 420, Syn- 3, Option 500, Hyola 308 and Quantum as sub plots. Results showed that the water interruption since stem elongation stage, had undesirable effect on growth activities, yield and yield compnents. Among yield components, decreasing 1000- seed weight (8%) and specially number of grains per pod (11.3%) had the most proportion in decreasing seed yield. In water stress condition, genotypes had higher content of proline, whereas the relative water content and chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll were lower. Water stress condition, in creased the ratio of chlorophyll a/b and this resulted from more decreasing in chlorophyll b in comparision with chlorophyll a. The amounts of proline in leaves showed the degree of stress-induced injury. Under water stress condition, the genotypes that maintained their relative water content in high levels, could produce greater seed yield. On the basis of the results it is concluded that Syn-3, 19 H, Hyola 420, Hyola 401 (borazjan) and Hyola 401 (canada) whith higher stress tolerance index (STI) had better compatability to water stress and could produce greater seed yield in both conditions (normal irrigation and water stress). In contrast with the genotypes listed above, Hyola 308 had the most sensitivity to water stress.

Onion packaging is very important due to extending its shelf life. In homes and stores. In this project, various procedures of onion packaging in two conditions of storing (traditional common store and technical store) were evaluated. For this porpose, post harvest onion and common predried, were sorted and graded and packed in 4 types of packaging including: cannabis pocket, polyethilen pocket, trimming pocket, wooden box. Then the packes are stored in two various storages. in two various period time, germination percent, spoiled onion percent, weight loss percent were messured. So that, the best procedure of packaging and the best desirable procedure of storing were evaluated to maximise shelf life of onions. The statistical design was split plot in time with three replication. The results showed that technical storage and packaging in wooden box were the best conditions for preserving of Red onion.

In this study economical and technical aspect of sowing methods of desi type chickpea is evaluated. In this study different drills and methods were consisted of: 1- Hassia deep drill 2- Kesht Gostar deep drill 3- Machine Barzgar Hamedan deep drill 4- Jeyran Sanat pulse crop drill 5- Salahkar drill (Austrian SIMO design) 6- Hand distribution method with using chisel plow.At first in technical evaluation, splitted seeds percentage due to seed metering device rate is investigated. Effects of speed of seed metering device and type of drill on splitting percentage showed significant difference (P<0.01), and splitting percentage reduced by increased speed of seed meter. Position of seed hopper (1/1, 1/2, 1/8) had not any effect on seed splitting. At next step of technical evaluation, in order to study effects of different mechanical methods and hand method on agronomic characteristics of chickpea six treatments mentioned above, conducted in a RCB design with five replications. One desi type chickpea "cultivar pirouz" was sown under uniform condition and synchronized, and parameters including soil moisture at sowing time, plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seeds weight, seed yield, sowing depth, row distance, plant to plant distance, number of plants per square meter and standing rate were measured and analyzed, results showed that there were no significant differences for treatment soil moisture at sowing time, seed yield, number of seeds per pod, 100 seeds weight. However for plant height, number of pods per plant, sowing depth, row distance, plant to plant distance, number of plants per square meter and plant stand there were significant differences at 1% level. Overall, Hand distribution method seems to be superior to other treatments for yield components (number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 10Qseeds weight). Treatment "Salahkar" provide highest seed production and treatments "Hassia, Kesht Gostar, Machine Barzgar Hamedan and Salahkar" were same in row distance, plant to plant distance, number of plants per square meter and stand.