Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Year:2004 | Volume:6 | Issue:2|Papers Count:12

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent disease, which is caused by deficiency in insulin secretion or factors that impair its function. Diabetic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are important risk factors in cardiovascular diseases. The arteriosclerosis and its accompanying structural changes are in part due to endothelial cell injury and abnormal glycosylation of cell surface and extra cellular matrix glycoconjugate. These are the first structural changes of formation of atheromatous plaque. The aim of the present study was to identify the structural and extra cellular matrix changes of terminal sugars by histochemical methods in aorta and common carotid arteries in male diabetic rats. Methods and Materials: A total number of 63 male Sprague Dawley rats with 250 ± 50 gr weights were chosen and randomly divided into experimental (n=36) and control (n= 27) groups. Diabetes was induced by IP injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin in experimental group. Experimental and control groups further divided into 2 week, 2 months and 4 months subgroups. Animals were preserved in standard condition. After the mentioned time, samples were taken from carotid and aorta, fixed in Boins and processed routinely. Paraffin blocks were cut with 5-6 micrometer in thickness and stained by H-E, PAS and PNA/Alcian blue pH=2.5, thereafter sections graded according to staining intensity and data were analyzed by NPAR test of Mann Whitney. Results: Results of this study showed significant difference only for PAS positive media components between 2 and 4 months diabetic groups (P<0.007).There were also statistically significant difference between elastic lamina of 2 and 4 month of diabetic group (P<0.03). PNA showed the presence of Gal/GalNac in sub endothelial and adventitial components of arteries. Although there was a slight difference of ECM staining between diabetic groups for the Gal/GalNac and intense reactivity of 4-month diabetic group in comparison to 2-month and 2-week diabetic groups, there were no significant difference between them for PAS and lectin staining. Conclusions: It seems that in diabetes, the rate of glycosylation of cell surface and ECM components changed slowly. Future studies will probably show the exact role of these components in pathophysiology of diabetes.

Background: Because of increase in number of side affect that caused by hypovitaminosis D, this study has been done to find out prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in blood donors. Methods and Materials: In this Cross - sectional & descriptive study, we evaluated 183 persons, 163 male (89.07%) & 20 female (10.92%). The average range of women & men was 17-52y & 17-53y respectively. Results: The results revealed that 8 persons (4.4%) had sever hypo vitaminosis D (vit<25 nmol/l), 124 persons (67.8%): mild hypovitaminosis D (vit D=25-62.4nmol/l), 45 persons (24.6%): normal serum level of vitD (62.5-125 nmol/l) & 6 persons (3.3%) had hyper vitaminosis D (>125 nmol/l). Prevalence of hypocalcemia & hypophosphatemia in blood donors was 95 persons (51.9%) & 10 persons (5.5%) respectively. Also average serum level of PTH was 32.1 ±33. 4 pg / ml. Conclusions: The above finding suggest a solid & effective programming for education of people about prevalence & complications of hypovitaminosis D, more effective screening studies for improving knowledge of individual about prevalence of hypovitaminosis D & related disease in society & necessity of medical health personnel’s knowledge about hypovitaminosis D.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most prevalent zeonotic protozoa that has been farther considered with concern to the increasing prevalence of AIDS during the last two decades. Cell culture is an important and necessary tool for molecular and cell biology of Toxoplasma gondii as well as maintaining stock and routine laboratory works. This study was performed to evaluate different cell lines and select an appropriate one for Toxoplasma gondii culture, tachyzoite production and DNA preparation. Methods and Materials: Three different fibroblast mono layers were assayed by inoculation of two strains including RH and Beverley, the representatives of virulent and avirulent phenotypes, respectively. Results: The results showed that the viability of propagated parasites in the HFF cultured flasks was higher than that of the other two cell cultures. The pH of culture medium was more stable in the HFF flasks, whereas it was likely to become acidic in the HEL and MRC5 flasks. Total parasite yield in RH strain cultures comparing to the Beverley cultures in all three cell lines was significantly higher. However, comparison of the Beverley strain tachyzoite yield in different cultures showed a higher parasite quantity in the HFF line. Total amount of extracted and purified DNA was 31 to 33 μgr/flask for the RH strain and 20 to 25 μgr/flask for the Beverley strain. Conclusions: It was concluded that the HFF is the most suitable cell line for routine and continuous subculture as well as DNA production from most Toxoplasma strains.

Background: Whereas sodium hypochlorite is the most commonly irrigation solution used in endodontics we set out to study its antifungal effect of sodium hypochlorite in infected root canals with candida albicans. Methods and Materials: In this study 160 human maxillary incisor teeth extracted for different reasons were selected. The teeth were cut in the CEJ zone and then the canals were prepared by using hand files and Gattes Glidden bur no. 6. The roots were then divided across into 5- mm pieces and using diamond disks and chisel so the sample volume will become 320 pieces halved each 5- mm piece. The root samples were divided randomly into two groups of 150. In one of the groups in order to remove the smear layer with EDTA 17% and then 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. The smear layer in the other group remained intact. In addition 10 samples were selected as positive control and 10 samples as negative control. The samples were then sterilized separately by autoclave. 320 sterilized tissue culture plates were selected. Each root sample was fixed in the bottom of a plate, and contaminated with candida albicans and then exposed to 2.5% and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. 25 samples were taken from each group in intervals of 5، 30 and 60 minutes and transferred to the T.S.B culture medium. After 24 hours, the tubes containing T.S.B were considered in presence of turbidity. The results were statistically analyzed. Results: The results indicated that 2.5% sodium hypochlorite in the present of smear layer caused destruction of candida albicans after 5 minutes in 20% of the cases while such destruction happened with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite in 44% of the cases. However by increasing the disinfections period in both concentrations the antifungal effect appears in 100% of the cases. Moreover the results of the study indicated in the group with no smear layer, sodium hypochlorite with a concentration of 2.5% showed its antifungal effect in 5 minutes in 36% of the cases and with a concentration of 5.25% in 100% of the cases. Conclusions: Therefore the use of specific antifungal irrigation solution in the endodontic therapy of patients having local or systemic predisposing factors to oral candidiasis extreme importance.

Background: In spite of extended vaccination programs against measles, it is the most preventive contagious disease that leads to death. For adaptation of WHO policy for measles in Iran; we should determine susceptible age population whom at present lay out of current vaccination program. Methods and Materials: In this descriptive study which was performed in the public health School of the Tehran medical university ; we obtained 131 documented measles cases among 650 suspected case of measles (as WHO discrimination) According to serum samples analysis (capture IgM EIA 71% and 29 % HI). Results: In this study 63.4 % of cases were male and 39.6 % were females. Between patients, the most prevalent age group was between 15-19 years old. Two peaks of the time of the disease were March and June. History of past vaccination against measles showed that 43 % had unknown history; 24.4 % had two vaccination; 39.3 % had one vaccination and 3.1 % had no vaccination history. Conclusions: It is suggested (by further investigations in future) the need for revaccination of measles for age group of 15-19 in Iran will be determined.  

Background: The prevalence of infection with bowel parasites is still remarkably high in children of developing countries. Day-care units usually serve for the infants and children as their primary site of social contact; so we aimed to determine the frequency rate of bowel infections in children attending these places, on their arrival and comparing it with this frequency 4-6 months afterwards. Methods and Materials: In this descriptive-analytic longitudinal study performed during the latter half of 1378, a total of 853 children of 4-6 years were randomly selected from day-care units of different regions in Zahedan. After recording the demographic data, a direct stool exam, scatch test and formaline-etter test were done. In the first stage 411 and in the next stage (4-6 months later) 438 children were studied. Chi-square test was used to compare the infection rate between the first and second stages. Results: The rate of infected children was 19.1% and 42% in the first and the second stages respectively. The highest increase in infection rate belonged to Oxyuris which increased from 4.7% in stage one to 15.5% in stage two. The rate of infection with Giardia lambelia and Hemonolepsis nana was 10.6% and 3.1% in stage one, which respectively raised to 15% and 4.6% in stage two. The above increment was significant (P<0.05). Totally 835 children all younger than 6 years old were studied in the two stages of which 263 (30.8%) had at least one type of infection. The frequency of infection with Oxyuris was 78 in 785 prepared slides. Conclusions: Considering the life cycle of bowel parasites and their routes of transmission, it seems that we face shortness in knowledge of workers in day-care centers and also an insufficiency in practice of sanitary principles. A closer study of effective factors in transmission of infestation in these centers and their elimination, periodically testing the children and their care-givers, and finally programs of hygiene education and control for the workers seems a necessity.

Background: In these years, the use of hypertonic saline for treatment of hemorrhagic shock and its effect on pH, osmotic pressure, serum sodium and Potassium concentration was the subject of very studies. Although there is no doubt in preference of hypertonic saline for treatment of homodynamic parameters due to hemorrhagic shock, there is some controversies for routine of use hypertonic saline due to some complication after transfusion of hypertonic saline like hepernatremia. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of hepernatremia after administration 4ml/kg and 7ml/kg of hypertonic saline for treatment of hemorrhagic shock. Methods and Materials: In this study, 16 male rabbits with 2-2.5 kg weight randomly were divided equally in two groups. After removal of 25% of total blood volume by phlebotomy and inducing hemorrhagic shock, one group was resuscitated with 4ml/kg NaCl 5% and the other group with 7 ml/kg NaCl 5% .Serum Na, K, pH and lactate and level of consciousness before and after the treatment were compared. Results: There was significant difference in condition and in blood pH in two groups and the 7ml/kg group had better in condition and consciousness (P=0/04) and in blood pH (P=0/03).There was no significant difference in serum concentration of sodium in two groups after resuscitation. Conclusions: By attention to the results of this study and similar results of other studies, we hope by using of hypertonic saline routinely faster treatment of hemorrhagic shock and its complications such metabolic acidosis occurs.

Background: Nowadays because of rapid advance in sciences, updating the knowledge of graduates is of great important. Due to the fact that continuous medical education programs have been started a decade ago, frequent research is necessary to identify the needs and priorities, create motivation, encourage participation, as well as enhancing learners utilization. The aim of study was to collect general practitioners’ views about the content of composed programs in 2000 in the city of Zahedan. Methods and Materials: The present descriptive study was performed using questionnaires including 29 questions for three composed programs.156 general practitioners were selected to attend three composed continuous medical education programs (C-CME programs).They all responded. Results: The results showed that 87/8% participants believed in applied topics to be presented and 78/2%like to be informed of materials and references in advance.76/3% of them demanded the presentation of materials with concern to seasonal and local health problem, and the concerned opinions to be taken in account for selection of the program contents. The time did not correspond to the content of the composed programs for internal medicine and surgery, as was stated by 85/3% and 82/9% of the participants, respectively. 50% of the responders believe that the C-CME programs don’t have any positive aspect. Conclusions: With regard to the results of the present research, in order to improve continuous education programs, the following factors should be taken into consideration to select the subject with accuracy, to set aside appropriate time for each topic, the priority of indigenous and seasonal diseases, to take advantage of the needs assessment to select the subject, to keep the participants informed about the materials and resources in use.

Suicide is one of the important causes leading to death in patients with schizophrenia. About 10% of these patients had died due to suicide. Psychodynamic formulations are not able to explaining the origins of schizophrenia, but they could help to better understanding of phenomenology of this disorder. Reunion as one of psychodynamic factor leading to suicidal attempt was mentioned in neurotic patients, but was not mentioned sufficiently in psychotic patients. In this article a patient with schizophrenia was reported. He had attempted suicide and had believed that will be joined with his lost child by this way. Analysis of patient’s attempt with emphasis on his pathological fantasy of reunion was discussed.

Burkitt’s lymphoma is a very aggressive high grade B-Cell neoplasm, frequently seen in children. It is composed of very uniform small non cleaved B cells. This lymphoma is the EBV related endemic mostly found in Africa. It involves the lymph nodes and extra nodal sits particularly the jaws. We found a sixteen year old boy from Chabahar who had a chronic abdominal pain and presented with mild hepatosplenomegly as well as anemia. Sonographic study indicated Para aortic lymph adenopathy. After retroperitoneal lymph adenectomy and histopathologic evaluation high grade Burkitt’s lymphoma was reported.