IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH (IJVR)
Year:2002 | Volume:3 | Issue:1|Papers Count:18

In this survey, by use of KI (100mg/kg BW/day for 8 days orally) and EDAT (2 ml/kg BW), hypomagnesaemia and clinical hypocalcaemia were induced in 4 calves.The therapeutic effect of naloxone (N ingection) on clinical symptoms and on the blood serum Ca, P, Mg concentrations was evaluated in comparison to CMP. Furthermore in 8 natural cases of bovine Parturient paresis, naloxone was used as a therapeutics tool in both experimental and natural cases of milk fever, naloxone curred affected animals more rapidly as well as completely. The mode of action of naloxone is unknown, but it reversed the paralytic effect of pancuronium in rabbit.It may act like neostigmine.

GABAergic system and sex steroids have interaction on each other. The effect of peripheral administration of baclofen and CGP35348 on serum concentration of estradiol and progesterone in ptoestruse phase in female rats was investigated. Female rat received 3 doses of drugs by I.P. injection in proestruse phase. 6 Blood samples during 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. every one hour intervals were collected 30 minutes after injection. Estradiol and progesterone levels were determined in the blood samples by using RIA method. Baclofen indoses otl.38 and 2.8 mg/kg increased serum concentration of estradiole significantly (P<0.05) at 8 and 9 a.m. but in 12a.m and 1p.m. samples the serum concentration of estradiole decreased significantly (P<0.05). At dose of 4.15mg/kg also serum concentration of estradiole decreased significantly (P<0.05) in all times. Baclofen in all doses decreased serum concentration of progesterone .significantly (P<0.05) in all times. CGP35- 348 with a dose dependent pattern (1.12, 2.24 and 3.36 mg/kg) increased serum concentration of estradiole and progesterone significantly (P<0.05) in all times. These results indicate that GABAB receptor has important role on estradiol and progesterone secretion in postures phase in female rats.

Fungal and microbial contamination of Artemia cyst is possibly one of the important reasons for decreasing cyst hatching percentage and therefore one of the main problems in cyst processing and culture of Artemia. In this research in order to control of microbial contamination of Artemia cyst, Formaline (80ppm, 800ppm), Crystal violet (3ppm, 30ppm), Green Malachite (5ppm, 50ppm) and Sodium hypochlorite (400ppm) were used as disinfectant agents during hatching of cysts. The control group was received 35ppt water. The result obtained at the end of hatching (24 hours, 48 hours late), indicated that formaline 80ppm was the best agent in controling microbial contamination of cyst and significantly increased hatching percentage of Artemia urmiana cyst.

Pullorum disease, caused by Salmonella pullorum, is one of the most important salmonella infections in poultry, involving primarily the chicks and poults. In this study, six, groups of ten 5-day-old quail chicks were orally inoculated with 0.2 in of selected concentrations (103-108 CFU/m1) of the bacterium. Eighty percent of the chicks died at the highest concentration. Also to determine the possibility of the natural infection, 20 one-day-old quail chicks were brought into content with a seeder for 3 weeks. In this experiment two birds died. The affected birds showed clinical signs similar to those of chicks and poults the main lesions observed were congestion and small white necrotic foci in liver, enlargement of spleen, pericarditis, cardiac and pulmonary nodules and cecal core. Also kidneys were sometimes congested or anemic with an accumulation of urates in ureters. Viable bacteria were cultured from the liver, spleen, lungs, heart, pancreas, kidneys and ceca. It is concluded that quail chicks are suscep-to S.pullorum and there is a chance of spread of the infection from quail to chickens.

Activation of a and b- adrenergic receptors initiate the process of exocrine secretion in salivary gland cells. In the present study, four groups of male adult albino rabbits were selected. Rabbits were treated for 18 consecutive days with isoproterenol (23 mg/kg body wt per day) or phenylephline (1.5 mg/kg body wt per day) respectively Bteriledistilled water was used as control. In the end of experiment animals were sacrificed and salivary glands were extirpated and weighed, then the gland extracts were prepared. After treatment with isoproterenol and phenylephrine, both parotid and submandibular glands revealed a significant increase in weights (p< 0.001 and p<0.01). Biochemical studies indicated that isoproterenol increased the amount of total protein and amylase in parotid glands (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). Phenylephrine, also increased the amount of total protein and amylase in parotid glands (p<0.01). Amylase of submandibular treated phenylephrine was higher and significant than control animals (p<0.001). Amylase of submandibular treated isoproterenol did not show a significant as compared to control. The amount of amylase in submandibular and isoproterenol treated animals showed 754% and 32% increase as compared to control respectively. SDS-PAGE of isoproternol and phenylephrine treated parotid and submandibular glands showed protein bands with molecular weights between 70 and 14 kDa. The present investigation in rabbit suggests that the activity of b and a adrenergic receptors may be high in parotid and submandibular glands respectively. These observations also suggest that the induced proteinsmay probably belong to proline-rich proteins.

The duration of this study was 7 months. After determination of age and sex in 2000 carcases, prescapular, prefemoral and inguinal lymph nodes were inspected and then bacteriological and histopathological examination were performed and 58 lymph nodes from different cases were abnormal and consequently from 46 cases with purulant lesions corynebacterium pseudo tuberculosis was isolated. From the remaining lymph nods (12 cases) staphylococcus, streptococcus and micrococcus were isolated. Histopathological examination on purulant lymph nodes showed pyogranulomatous lesion lymphatic depletion, thickness of capsular lymph node and follicular necrosis. The total frequency of disease was 2.3 % and in less than 1.5-3 year were 0.77%, 2.23% and, 3.01% respectively. Statistical studies (chi square) showed a significant increase in the total frequency of disease in relation of age (p<0.01). No significant differences due to sex was observed (P>0.05). All of the infected nodes were prescapular.

The purpose of the present study is to determine serum trace elements in apparently healthy chickens. Blood samples were collected from Aryan broiler chickens. The age and breed of the fowls were identical. Serum was analysed for manganese, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, cobalt and selenium. The mean±standard deviation of manganese, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, cobalt and selenium in serum of Aryan broiler chickens were 0.003±0.002 mg/ml, 5.26±2.00 mg/dl, 32.12±21.54 mg/dl, 1.16±0.64 mg/ml, 431.13±213. 90 mg/ml, 5.46±2.72 ng/ml and 0.442±0.186 mg/ml, respectively.

In this study, large intestine of 100 sheep was examined from March 1996 to February 1997 and Trichuris, Oesophgostomum, Chabertia and Skrjabinema were collected. 59% of examined intestines were infected with Trichuris. The identification criteria for Trichuris species were basd on male and female characters, so 7 species including T. georgius, T. ovis, T. discolor, T. vondwei, T. skrjabini, T. infundibulum and T. globulosa were diagnosed. Meanwhile, infected animals were showed the most prevalence rate of infection with Trichuris in summer and early autumn. Also, Oesophagostomum venulosum and Chabertia ovina were found in low prevalence, 9% and 12%, respectively. Most of animals were infected with these nematodes in winter. The results showed that only one case was infected with Skrjabinema ovis and it was found in midsummer.

In this research isolation of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis the cause of white spot disease in fish and it’s in vitro maintenance were conducted. To do this, different laboratory media as Eagle's minimum essential medium (EMEM) with foetal calf or fish serum, EMEM-S (EMEM without foetal calf or fish serum), protease pepton and yeast extract (PPE), nutrient broth (N,3), phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and aquarium water (AW) were used to maintain the parasite in 22+2°C in the presence of penicillin streptomycin. Results showed that trophont lived for 20 days in EMEM-S diluted with 50% distilled water and theronts lived 114 hrs (Max) and 96hrs (min) in EMEM medium. Maintenance of the parasite theronts in EMEM with foetal calf serum was similar to EMEM with fish serum.

Avain encephalomyelitis is one of the most important avian diseaes, sometimes causes heavy damage in poultry in dusty of Iran. In one of two flocks of leghorns chickens, In a farm in Fars province, the same one day old relatively hight mortality accompanied and the various nervous signs were seen. Clinical signs mainly included: sickness, tremor of head and neck, ataxia and neck deviation. Nearly 50% of the first flock was affected and because they could not use water and feed, mortality rate was increased. But in the second flock, being relatively connected to the first flock, there were not any clinical signs. Inspite of similarity in diets and addition of supplementary vitamins and minerals recovery was not seen. Blood sampling from both healthy and sick chickens and subsequently HI test was done. Mean antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus in both flocks were equel to 4.5. Therefore, sick and dead chickens were necropsied. But there were not macroscopic pathognomonic lesions except, some mild petechiation in the digestive system. In histologic sections, increased lymphatic follicles in pancreas, proventriculus and heart were seen. In addition, infiltration of lymphoid cells in muscular layers of cerebellum and central chromatolysis in neurons of cerebrum were observed. As a result, on the basis of special histopathologic lesions avian Encephalomyelitis was diagnosed. Apparently, two flocks did not belong to an identical breeder layer. Besides, vertical transmission in this disease has explained the soundness of the second flock.

One of the uses of radiological diagnosis jointly with other diagnostic procedures is correctly. bone fractures diagnosis. Therefore in this experimental survey, we used different standard positioning (Dorsopalmar (Dpa), Lateromedial (LM), Flexed Lateromedial (LM60F), Dorsomedial -Palmarolateral Obl-ique (D45M - PaLO), Dorsolateral- Palmaromedial Oblique (D45L - PaMO) and Proximodistal Flexed (PrDi45F) in two mature, crossbred 8-10 years-old horses. Our findings indicated that we could easily find out carpal fractures and suggest proper treatment or surgery to clinician.

In this study, a pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila, isolated from diseased frogeyed fish (Carassius sp.) and confirmed by variety of biochemical tests, was used in a series of pathogenicity tests for frog-eyed, red rukin and moor fish (all Carassius sp.). Experiments were conducted in two separate temperatures; 20°C and 28°C of aquarium water (AW) in six groups, each group of seven fish. Experimental infection by Aer Qmonas hydrophila (107bacteria) were developed using either by injection, oral and immersion routes. For control groups, only phosphate buffered saline was used. Results showed that mortalities after injection, oral and immersion of the bacteria were 71.4, 57.1 and 42.8% in 28°C of A.W and 28, 28.5 and 0% in 20°C of AW respectively. Mortalities of red rukin infected by in Jection, oral and immersion routes were 57.1, 57.1 and 14.2 in 28°C of Aw and 42.8, 28.5 and 14.2 in 20°C of A.W respectively. Experimental infection by the same routes in moore goldfish showed 85.7, 42.8 and 42.8% in 28°CAW and 42.8, 28.5 and 28.5% in 20°C of AW respectively. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from kidney of all experimentally infected fish. This pathogenic bacterium has the highest pathogenicity for frog-eyed fish kept in 28°C of AW and the lowest pathogenicity for these fish at 20°C.

Three components of cysticerci of Taenia hydatigena viz. scolices, fluid and membrane were analysed for their biochemical composition. Fluid of cysticerci contained significantly higher levels of Ca, K, Na, Chloride, P and CO2 as compared to membrane and scolices. The level of all these constituents was lowest in scolices except for Ca which was more in this component than in membrane. Glucose, Total Protein, BUN, Total Bilirubin, Bilirubin-D and Creatinin were also higher in fluid. However, Cholesterol, TG and Uric acid were more in membrane. The levels of ALP, LD-H and ALT enzymes were higher in fluid whereas AST and CK-H were more in membrane. Scolices also contained all these enzymes but in much less quantity.

The anatomy and histology of the atrioventricular node was studied -in the heart of six camels (Came/us dromedarius). The atrioventricular node was located in the lower posterior portion of the intertribal septum, anterior to the coronary. sinus and inferior to the oval fossa at the base of the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve. It was irregularly elliptical, measured 6. 38±1.41mm in length, 4.08±0.95 mm in width and 1.11±0.51 mm in thickness; its maximum sectional area was 16.34±2.94 mm2. Histologically, the node was surrounded by connective tissue and consisted of specialized myocardial fibers arranged in the fashion of peculiar, loose, grouping of irregularly whorled interlacing bundles. The cells showed faint cross-striation and lacked in glycogen. The myofibrils were less in number in each fibre.The atrioventricular node was in close contact with the nerve fibres and parasympathetic ganglia. It was supplied by the atrioventricular nodal artery of the right Proximal atrii ramus which is a branch of the right circumflexus ramus of the right coronary artery.