JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Year:2003 | Volume:- | Issue:17|Papers Count:9

Biological treatment of industrial waste water with activated sludge is Knon as one of the most effective methodes in removing toxic material such as formaldehyde. In this research it is attempted to set in motion and preserved the biological formaldehyde treatment system with activated sludge and the existing microorganisems will use the formaldehy as their food to grow.That is why an aerobic reactor with the volume of 8 liter known as Bioreactor is used. The primary biologic environment is provided by the returned sludge in Zargandeh Waste Water treatment plant and the system is started in the form of Batch.The input optimum formaldehyde as well as desired retention time to obtain the most efficient way for COD elimination and output formaldehyde are provided the highest percentage of COD volume with input formaldehyde concentration 70.ppm would be when retention time is 24 hours. Input formaldehyde concentration increase or residence time decrease will result in reduction of COD and pH elimination percentage.

In this study the operation of sequencing batch reactors for treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals compounds (mercury and cadmium). By use of two automatic SBRs, feeding with the synthetic wastewater (that the compound of it was the same as the color alkali unit of petrochemical Bandar Imam) was studied.The amount of COD was 100-150 mg/l, mercury concentration was 0.1.1,5 and 10 and cadmium concentration was 0.1,2, 10 and 15 mg/l. Return sludge of Ghaytarieh wastewater treatment plant was used for seeding of SBR reactors. Reactors were operated for the period of four months.The obtained results show that:The acclimation time for microorganism in this system is short (8-9 days) COD Removal percentage in the SBRs was about 80-85% MLSS concentration after acclimation time has increasing 20-25% and SVI has decreasing 20% from the start of system running. Mercury removal percentage at the concentration of 0.1-10 mg/l has been 77.15 and Cadmium removal percentage at the concentration of 0.1-15 has been 88.79.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate emission pollutants from active hospital incinerators to atmosphere in Hamadan and offering some suggestions for control of pollutants.In this study emission pollutants including heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg), aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter from Imam, Sina, Fatemieh and Mobasher hospital waste incinerators were measured and the health effects of these pollutants on human-beings that live near those hospitals were surveyed.The results show that the maximum concentration of lead (1113 mg/m3), Hg (540 mg/m3) and Cd (3340 mg/m3) belong to Mobasher hospital incinerator and the lowest concentration of lead (26.4 mg/m3)He(90 mg/m3) and Cd (776.7 mg/m3) were belong to Fatemieh hospital incinerator.The maximum concentration of Benzene (77.46 mg/m3), Toluene (108.64 mg/m3) and Xylene (33.6 mg/m3) belong to Sina hospital incinerator and the lowest concentration of Benzene (34.96 mg/m3), Toluene (52.69 mg/m3) and Xylene (0 mg/m3) belong to Mobasher hospital incinerator.The maximum concentration of Carbon monoxide (1041 PPM) belongs to Sina hospital incinerator and the lowest ccncentration of carbon monoxide (138 PP M) belong to Imam hospital incinerator.The maximum concentration of sulfur dioxide (127PPM) belongs to Mobasher hospital incinerator and the lowest concentration of it (1PPM) belongs to Imam Hospital incinerator.The maximum concentration of Particulate Matter (639 mg/m3) belong to Mobasher hospital incinerator and the lowest concentration of Particular Matter 60.45 mg/m3) belonged to Sina hospital incinerator. The survey of health effects emission pollutants from active hospital waste incinerators showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in symptoms such as headache, chest discomfort, pallor, gingivitis, stomachache, sleep alteration, lacrimation, eye irritation between exposed group compared to control group.There was no significant difference (P>0.05) only in coughing symptom between exposed and control group. So according to these results, management control and engineering control such as control of pollutants before generation, in source and in atmosphere are suggested.The designing of optimum hospital incinerator and local ventilation for control of pollutants in sources has been mentioned.

This research discusses the status of public involvement in the preservation of the greeneries in 13 Aban neighborhoods as a real life experience.The research also discusses such basic concepts and principles as public involvement, the pictorial quality of Tehran city and its greeneries. This research employs field study method as its fundaments as well as library study. The filed study includes interviews with the local activists and environmental assemblies like "The Environment protectors society". The last phase of the research involves distribution of questionnaires among the dwellers and thus conducting an opinion poll of the residents.The results extracted from the analysis of 120 questionnaires indicate that most of those who completed the questionnaires were somehow concerned about the greeneries around them. More than 74% have directly or indirectly expressed their potential interest in participating in activities related to development and preservation of greeneries. The results of this research necessitate planning for encouragement and educating some people into getting involved in such activities. The people are properly educated about environmental issues which again call for large scale and proper public education about such centers. To sum up, it can be inferred that the encouragement of public involvement in the development and preservation of greeneries requires propagation and public education as well as the other strategies proposed in this research.

In this research, it has been considered some direct applications of mathematics in the physical processes simulation. This Study has divided in two phases, Fluids and Solids. In fluids, it has separately carried out at two really and imaginary coordinate flow around the same different shape, using mathematics relation has been considered.So the shape and flow by governing equations of that processes has been simulated. So that the characteristic of flow at every point around the shape with high accuracy are computable. In continue the receipt method solving the equations has explained. In the solids branch, the motions of float bodies in the water studied using of mathematics relations. Simulation has been made by mass, restore, damper and use of governing equations, In this study a software derived that calculate the hydrodynamic parameters and also the spectral of wave power due to body float motions.

Coefficient Correlation of 4 heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb) in the Sediment of the Caspian Sea's Southern Coast, Gilan province, Fishery Zone (1) and in the Persian sturgen's Liver and Kidney were investigated.The main goal was to find out any relative changes in the concentration of 4 heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb) in the sediment of the Caspian Sea Southern Coast (Fishery zone I) and the concentration of the mentioned metals in the Persian Sturgeon's liver and kidney. Therefore, 5 stations along the Gilan Coastal Zone from West to East (Astara, Heveeg, Shafarood, Lysar, Jafrood) were selected and 5 Samples of the Persian Sturgeons during the fishing season - 1380, (2001) were collected by fixed gillnet wilhout considering gendra, age, length. 2 samples of the sediment were collected by vanveen grab at the same depth. Tissue (liver+kidney) was chemically digested by HNO3+ De -Ionized water+ H2O2 and reflux processes and Sediment was digested by HF+ HCL and Shaking processes three times.The final extracted materials were analyzed according to the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy method by varian spectr AA - 220. Blank and Reference Samples (CRM 18SR-Bovine's Liver and Soil-7) were prepared and analysed by the same method. Recovery percentage was also calculated and the final results were checked with the result of the blank sample, Reference materials and Recovery percent. The results were statistically analyzed and mean, one -way ANOVA test, LSD test, mean of variance were compared. Coefficient Correlation and linear regression were calculated by Pearson method and figure or curve of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, using average linkage, Euclidian distance were drawn. It was finally concluded that the concentration of heavy metals in the Persian Sturgeon's liver and kidney, and in the sediment of the Caspian sea Southern Coast, Gilan province was at the standard level. (WHO, NOAA, ISQG, NHMRC, UK/MAFF). There was also positive correlation between kidney -liver and Kidney - sediment for Cu concentration and between liver-sediment, kidney - sediment for Pb concentration.