RAHYAFT
Year:2018 | Volume:28 | Issue:69 |Papers Count:8

The scientific development of any country is dependent on having optimal planning and management structures. If we accept that the most important factor for management is decision-making, then decision-making plans that are not research-based will be unable to support or maintain a continuous process of scientific development. A scientific decision-making method that is based on dialogue must take account risk and participatory approaches toward management. However, the management and planning structures currently prevail in Iran, of which research management can be taken as a symbol, do not take research seriously for a number of reasons; e.g., a failure to see the need for scientific input into policy-making. Consequently, there is no effective scientific leadership and the country remains far from reaching its goals. The planning and management systems in Iran should be seen as closed systems since they do not communicate with the rest of the country’s institutional structures. Moreover, decision-making and policy development in each discrete area is dominated by a single governmental organization, which results in an expensive, complex, and inefficient bureaucracy governing the country’s scientific and administrative structures. Rather than creating a unified national policy- and decision-making system based on scientific research, this role is broken up and divided among several different organizations, which lead to unsuccessful scientific development in Iran.Examples of this phenomenon are presented in this study to demonstrate the responsible organizations necessary for supporting Iran’s scientific and administrative policy-making and planning systems.

The importance of technological advances has made Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) adopt open business models. However, little is known about how RTOs can effectively change their innovation model to the more open patterns. Accordingly, fundamental components of RTO business models, which are needed for the implementation of open business models, are explained and a major dimension of RTO’s business model including concept, process, resources, and infrastructures of RTOs is described in this work. Next, required RTOs’ capabilities and processes for the implementation of open business models, including “sense” and “seize” opportunities are described.

Knowledge companies need to reorganize their business models to implement open innovation strategies and enhance their innovative performance. The literature on the coordination of the business model and Inbound Open Innovation strategy has increased over the past decade. However, no attention has been paid in Iran, as it is hardly possible to find a Persian article about it. So, the present study was conducted deal with this shortcoming. In terms of objective, this work is practical, in terms of type, it is qualitative, and in terms of data collection method, it is an online study. While categorizing various Inbound Open Innovation strategies, it attempts to show how adopting these strategies affects the business model of knowledge-based companies due to the Content (a set of main activities), Structure (organizational units that carry out the activities and the ways in which these units are interconnected), and Monitoring interactions (mechanisms for controlling organizational units and relationships between units).

Increasing returns of scale and scope, which arises in the use of data, has created a new concept called big data that analysis of them leads to boosted productivity through data Innovations. Since there is no model in the current literature of “data innovation”, the purpose of this research is to provide a logical model of “data innovation” to determine its impact on business development, and in particular the electronics business. In this model, the data generated using electronic business tools are calculated as inputs of the model. Afterward, in the process of the model, the types of innovations and big data technologies are performed, which ultimately leads to the development and improvement of the business. Also, when describing the types of “data innovation”, the concepts of open government data information and open innovation are employed. The use of e-business and the generating of new data and the repetition of this process and the comprehensive model in “data innovations” account the innovations of this research.

During recent decades, the quantity of Iran research activities and, consequently, the number of its scientific outputs has increased dramatically. However, according to experts’ remarks and related studies, the whole set of these activities has a very poor quality and effectiveness. Therefore, to understand related shortcomings and deviations, it is needed to investigate the country’s science and research systemfrom different aspects. Since some experts explained that “imbalance between different science branches” and in particular “inattention to humanities and social sciences” are among the fundamental defects of Iran science and research system, the purpose of this study was“investigation of the distribution pattern of Iran ISI documents in different research areas during 1970-2017”. In this regard, first, data on Iran ISI documents were extracted from Web of Knowledge. Then, the trends of “share of each research area of Iran total documents”, “share of Iran documents of world total documents in each research area”, and “Iran rank according to document count separated based on research area” were investigated in the intended period of time and presented as some charts.Findings showed that there is no acceptable balance between the number of Iran ISI documents in different research areas and, in particular, the share of humanities and social sciences has been very low. So, the assumption that “one of the fundamental causes of Iran science and research system Inefficiency is inattention to humanities and social sciences” is strengthened and investigating the subject in more details is recommended.

Objectives: The current research is conducted with the aim of investigating the collaborative share of publications between universities and industries of Iran in all areas of knowledge (27 categories) and comparing them with the average of the Middle East region and the world.Methodology: This study is an applied research in terms of objectives while it is a descriptive study in the view of data analysis and conducted using scientometric indicators. Research population comprised of all Scopus indexed scholarly outputs of Iran, the Middle East, and the world which published through co-authorship between universities and industries during 2006 to 2015 (464764 documents). Data were collected using Elsevier’s Scopus and Scival. Microsoft Excel was utilized for data analysis and visualization of the heat map.Results: Results of the study revealed that the share of publications from university-corporate publications in Iran was lower than that of the Middle East and the world. Although Iran has had a considerable growth in scientific productivity during the recent years, it is placed 40 out of the top 40 most productive world countries based on the share of collaboration between universities and industries. Scholarly outputs of Iran in the area of medicine had higher levels of academic-corporate collaboration as well as citation impact in comparison with the Middle East and the world. Moreover, researchers in Iran in the areas of engineering, computer sciences, and medicine have published the highest number of publications through university-industry collaboration.Conclusion: The interaction and collaboration between academic researchers and industries in Iran are low, just same as many other developing countries. However, the University of Tehran, Sharif University of Technology, and Islamic Azad University were the most active institutes in collaboration with team works.

In today’s changing environment, knowledge, and technology are the basis of competition, especially for knowledge-based organizations. These organizations need to apply new knowledge in order to fulfill their business goals. A part of this knowledge is derived from external resources. Hence, the ability to exploit external knowledge is a critical factor for the innovative capabilities of organizations.This ability is called “absorptive capacity”, which has different levels from the individual level to national level in the literature. Considering the importance of the absorptive capacity theory, this study attempts to analyze this concept with related theories. Therefore, some existing theories related to this concept such as learning, dynamic capabilities, innovation, strategic directions, knowledge-based view, managerial cognition, and co-existence theories are examined in this study and the relationship of these theories with absorptive capacity is posed.