JOURNAL OF ILAM UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2001 | Volume:9 | Issue:31|Papers Count:8

An investigation was carried out at the coal mine of Shahrood to manage a programme plan in order to reduce different pollutants such as various gases, vapours and dusts at the mine workplace. Initially the quantity of different gases was measured using gas-detecting devices. CO, C02, H2S, S02 and CH4 were measured according to the standard methods. Using such detecting devices confirmed that the amount of CO, C02, H2S, S02 was below the threshold acceptance level at different sites of the mine. In contrast, the Co was higher than the threshold level at the store and loading sites. Results showed that the amount of harmful dust and vapours was above the TLV, the level recommended by NIOSH and OSHA standard methods. It should be noted that in all experiments carried out during this study the high level of harmful dusts and vapours distributed inside the mine was indicated. Due to occurrence of high level of pollution of the above- mentioned gases, vapours and dusts inside the mine, an attempt was made to plan a perfect and suitable ventilation system to reduce the hazards of these agents for the people involved in coal mining activities. According to the obtained data, a general ventilation system was suggested as an important and vital solution for preventing the unpredicted events and poisoning. In this procedure, the amount of harmful agents can be reduced and kept at an acceptable level based on general ventilation system which is installed in the site and the local ventilation system. Application of modern devices for coal mining, of electrostatic method for dust absorption, of water at the site of mining as well as personal protection equipments were considered important steps to reduce the dust pollution inside the mine.To reach an acceptable level of standard as recommended by international standard organizations, a multidimensional activity is suggested.

This descriptive study has been aimed at suggesting a new method to perform Safety audit in industries, at detecting any probable accidents as well as their occurrence time, at identifying the risk factors and finally applying the method at Darreh SHahr flour factory, a nearby sector to Ilam center in 2000, using different types of checklists. The risks of the factory were identified during the performance of this method, using a classification approach (bad, relatively good, good) the results out of the checklists were evaluated. This evaluation recognized the priority of considering and controlling dangers. The findings ranged the scores as follows: managerial organization (24.6),industrial hazards (65.1),environmental health (11.2) , education and motivation (6.4),accident consideration (5.8) and the total score for the factory stood at (113.1).Taking into consideration the contents of the evaluation or ,the mentioned factory stands at an unacceptable position in the view of safety condition.In general, the following points are to be considered:.Inadequacy of education of safety and professional health.Lack of a full-time body in charge of health and safety at the factory.Lack of enough professional training for the workers as well as a clear approach to predict and analyse the accidents effectively.Taking necessary steps to improve the factory safety audit is considered an essential measure.

Spontaneous miscarriage is a prevalent complication of pregnancy. This cross-sectional descriptive study has been performed to consider the related factors. Of the patients referred to Shahid Mostafa hospital of Ilam for spontaneous abortion in 1997,414 cases were selected as samples. Questionnaires were used as data collection tools. They were completed by research units.The findings implied that variables such as age, weight, height, literacy, living place, maternal disorder precedence in the family, activity amount, drug application and its category, type and history of diseases, current disease and Its type as well as health care measures during pregnancy did not affect the occurance or its repetition. There was no significant relation between these variables and spontaneous abortion. On the other hand, a significant relation was proved to exist between this sort of abortion and variables such as the first pregnancy age, pregnancy rank, pregnancy intervals, the last delivery manner, history and sort of surgery, history of familial abortions, the number of previous miscarriages as well as numbers of pregnancies culminated in abortions.

In a case-control research, 136 people (61 cases and 75 controls) were selected in a sampling approach and considered for HB. risk factors. The HB. prevalence was %2.9 for the year 1997 and %2.3 for 1998.The findings proved a significant relation between being infected with HB. and variables such as jaundice precedence, HB. history among the other members of the family, body liquids aspiration with needles, using razors at barbers, birth place, educational status and occupation. It was also confirmed that HB. vaccination plays an effective role in preventing the infection.The results also implied no significant relation between HB. infection and variables such as tattoos, using common shaving razors, marital status, accident precedence, dentistry references and history of blood donations.

This descriptive cross- sectional study has aimed the health education among health and treatment networks (7 centers) of Ilam. The research population included the staff involved in health education. All these cases were selected as samples, while rural health centers were used as the research area.The findings implied that most the studied units (35%) proved poor in performing health education programs and the least (10%) were of excellent activity. Among all, only 30% of units proved a middle action and 25% were of good activity. Most the studied units (45%) also proved poor in getting social groups interested in health education, among the rest 30% were of middle range while the remaining 25% proved only good. No unit had excellent action in the regard. In general, it can be said that most the units showed a poor state in the field of health education. Therefore, it is recommended to familiarize the network staff with the principles of health education and to provide them with necessary helping means.

The epidemiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among students of Ilam primary schools was aimed in this descriptive-analytic research. The 2000 studied students were randomly chosen. In this research, questionnaires of parents, and teachers, sickness signals CSI- 4, and diagnostic psychiatrist interview were used as screening instruments. At first the face and content validity of the questionnaires were taken by experts (psychologist and psychiatrist reliability of parents and teachers questionnaires were 90% and 93% that was determined by retesting).Then each questionnaire for 200 samples was taken with psychiatrists interview in order to determine the cut point. The findings showed that using both parents and teachers questionnaires in accordance with their positions and prevalence had higher sensivity and specivity, so these two factors were determined as 75% and 92% for disordering (AH/HD). After completing the basic performance and determining the cut point (6), the questionnaires were recompleted for the rest of the students by their parents and teachers. So the rate of prevalence of the results of all the samples was calculated.The findings also showed that 4% of the students had hyperactivity.Totally the ratio of prevalence of disordering among the boys was more than that of the girls, (comparatively 5.4 to 2.3). The results implied a significant relationship between population and disorder factors.

In this semi-experimental study, 300 students of the first grade were randomly selected and their stools were tested using Ether Formalin and direct approach. After examinations, 180 students proved positive, but being treated by antiparasitic drugs all the cases showed completely freed from prasites. Afterward, the students were divided into 3 groups as G.I, GII and the control group. G.I was given an instructional pamphlet with face-to-face training. G.II was given the pamphlet only. Nothing was done on the third group. All the 3 groups were reexamined after 3 months.The findings showed that the case groups were approximately %95 less infected than the control group. No significant relation was proved between the infection and variables such as sex, job, educational level and the families incomes. There was a significant relation between infection and cooled once-boiled water (p=/000).The results of this research necessitate effective measures to improve and encourage health education among school students.

Myco tuberculosis is an important death agent in human communities. It is believed that one third of world population is infected with this organism and 8 millions cases are added to this portion every year. It is also estimated that 3 millions die due to TB infection each year. Although TB was supposed to be eradicated by the end of twentieth century, the emergence of drug resistance and prevalence of AIDS made the task more difficult than before. Drug resistance is formed by different mechanisms such as mutation in bacterial genome. Resistance to Isoniazide by mutation in katG, inhA and glf genes, resistance to Rifampin by mutation in rpoB gene, resistance to Streptomycin by mutation in rpsi, rrb genes and resistance to Quinolons by mutation in gyrA qene are formed.