JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Year:2007 | Volume:6 | Issue:23|Papers Count:6

The aim of this study was to compare athletes' personality characteristics of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscintiousness, sociotropy, and autonomy in individual and team sports. One hundred and thrty-four athletes (92 team, 42 individual, 88 males, 46 females) from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, the University of Tehran, and several sport clubs were included in this study. All participants were asked to complete the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEOPI-R) and the Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale (SAS). Analysis of the data involved statistics including means, standard deviations, t-tests, and pearson's correlation coefficients. The results revealed that individual sport athletes scored significantly higher on conscintiousness and autonomy than did team sport athletes. The team sport athletes scored significantly higher on agreeableness and sociotropy than did the individual sport athletes. No significant difference was found between the two groups on neuroticism, extraversion, and openness. It can be concluded that athletes' personality characteristics are different for individual and team sports.

The Present research has been done to study the ways of forming objective and subjective self and to describe the self in imprisoned delinquent women in comparison to normal women. Subjects are 34 ones including 17 imprisoned women in Rajaei shahr in karaj and the same number of normal women with prison tests. Data of this research are on the basis of theory of Damon and Hart (1982) using clinical interviews and have been extracted in the form of quantities scores. Results have shown that the self in imprisoned women in comparison to normal. Women had been formed lately and they had lesser scores in objective and subjective self. This research shows the impact of imprisonment on the forming of self. And also it has been cleared that the description of self in. Physical, active and Psychological aspects in women is the same in both group. But they describe them selves socially in a different way. Results show delinquent women in comparison to normal women are less social.

The aim of this research was to determine the important factors of marital conflict between spouses. The sample of this study includes 200 married persons (200 men and 200 women). To determine the important factors for marital conflict a likert scale was used. This sale includes 5 demographic scale and 19 questions about the important factors of conflict between spouses. The results of this study revealed that the first sixth important factors of marital conflict are personality trait, love and interest, communication skills, commitment, family background, and refinement. The findings of this research showed that there are two general factors for marital conflict: family processes and family contents. Also the results showed that the most of marital conflicts were referred to family processes.

The aim of present research is to investigate the effect of education on reduction of depression for boy students' skills of solutions in pre university period of Tehran city.The sample of this research contained 108 depressed boy students in the medium and more than medium levels of depressions (the person needed the consulters and remedies on the base of Bek's depression test), And they were randomize selected by the simple sampling method.From the Bek's depression scale (BDI21), 21 questions were used to measure the variables in the four degree scales.The education of skills for solution of problem was offered on the base of pattern for the solution of problem from DEZ and Rita during 12 sessions and each session was taken in 2 hours.This experimental research was kind of pretest and post test and with group of observation.The results of t-test analysis of independent groups and dependent t-test showed that:- The education of skills for solution of problem had the effect on reduction of depression about the boy students during the pre university period of Tehran city.- The comparison of average for depression score of students in the test group with the observation group showed that the depression was lower for the students received the education of skills for solution of problem.

Using a structural model, the present study investigated the contribution of academic engagement and performance-approach goals in academic achievement among the girl students in third grade of high school. multistage sampling has been used randomly. 260 participants among Tehran high schools girl students in humanities has been taken part.Two questionnaires were used: goal achievement scale and motivational strategies for learning questionnaire. In present study the average of students in five specific course at the end of academic year was considered as index of student's scores academic achievement using structural equations model data has been analyzed. The result indicated that causal effects of performance-approach goals on task value, persistence on task, surface and deep processing strategies was positive and on seeking help from peers was negative. Causal effects of deep processing strategies, task value and persistence on task on academic achievement was positive and causal effects of surface processing strategies and seeking help from peers on academic achievement was negative.

The present research has been done in order to analyze the (negative and positive) perfectionism points of view and the personality specifications (five reviewed Neo factors). Ninety students of the Islamic Azad University from the Science and Researches Branch, in Master's and Ph.D. Programs, were studied in this research. Positive and negative perfectionism criterion and Neo Questioner were used in this research for evaluating variables. The research is of description and correlation nature. Pierson Correlation Coefficient and regression between the scores of the students who underwent the research in the domain of the positive and negative perfectionism and their relation with the five Neo Personality factors show that the only correlation between the positive perfectionism and agreeableness is significant up to a level of 0.05, and no other significant correlation was detected in other factors. Results show further that the only negative correlation between the negative perfectionism and openness is significant up to a level of 0.05 and no significant correlation was found between the negative perfectionism and other factors.