JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Year:2020 | Volume:18 | Issue:84 |Papers Count:12

Background: Symptoms of depression decrease the quality of life and make people susceptible to depressive disorders. But the main question of the present study is whether the difficulty of emotion regulation plays a mediating role in this regard? Aims: To determine the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulty in the relationship between early maladaptive psychosis and depressive symptoms. Method: This study was a correlational study. For this purpose, 300 students (158 females, 142 males) were selected through convenience sampling from Tehran University students. The instruments were: Young's Psychosis Questionnaire (Young, 1998), Depression Scale, Anxiety, Stress (Lovebound & Lovebird, 1995) and Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale (Gertz & Romer, 2004). Path analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: There was a significant positive relationship between early maladaptive psychosis, emotion regulation difficulty, and depressive symptoms (p<0/01). There were early maladaptations and symptoms of depression (p<0/05). Conclusions: Early maladaptive psychosis affects the symptoms of depression through the difficulty of emotion regulation. Therefore, in order to prevent the development of depressive symptoms, in addition to reducing the negative features of early maladaptive psychoses, it is necessary to provide backgrounds for the regeneration of emotional regulation processes in order to increase mental health.

Background: Narcissism is one of the factors that causes divisions between couples. But the key question is, is there a relationship between the adapted, the non-adapted dimensions of narcissism and love with the mediating role of self-awareness and self-control? Aims: To investigate the relationship between adapted and non-adapted dimensions of narcissism with love: The mediating role of self-care and self-control of married men and women in Qazvin. Method: This was a correlational study. The statistical population included married people aged 20-55 years living in Qazvin city, 278 (139 males and 139 females) were selected by convenience sampling method. Instruments include the Interpersonal Problem Scales (Herotis, Rosenberg, Beyer, Arnovovilenosen, 1998), Bushyari (Brown Verian, 2003), Stenberg's Triple Love (1987), and The Great Narcissism of Character (Raskin & Hall, 1981-1979). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling by SEM. Results: Compromised aspects of narcissism (authority, adequacy, superiority, arrogance, and display) were significantly correlated with love (P<0/05), and non-compromised dimensions (rightfulness and exploitation) were also negatively correlated with love. Directly (P<0/05), self-awareness and self-control have a mediating role in the relationship between adapted and non-adapted dimensions of narcissism with love (P<0/05). Conclusions: Self-control and self-control can be used to reduce narcissism.

Background: The subject of anxiety is one of the major psychological issues raised by competitive athletes and causes poor performance. Training of psychological abilities can be one of the effective interventions in the field of anxiety. But the key question is whether training in psychological abilities affects competitive anxiety and self-esteem in athletic students? Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of psychological skills training on competitive anxiety and self-confidence in athletic students. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study. For this purpose, 48 students with the mean age of 14. 9 were selected and divided into four groups of 12 subjects each consisting of 12-subject mental imagery training, self-talk and blended learning (self-talk and mental imagery) and The evidence was divided. Research tools include: Burton & Redick (2010) Psychological Abilities Practice and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Fernandez et al. (2013). Covariance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that psychological abilities training had a significant effect on students' competitive anxiety and self-esteem. Also, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of effectiveness (P<0/001). Conclusions: Mental and speech imagery training can be used to reduce cognitive and physical anxiety and increase self-esteem in athletic students.

Background: Mental health of girls with normal body mass index (BMI) and over 30 is of particular importance. But the question is, do virtual reality games affect mental health on the mental health of girls with a BMI above 30? Aims: To determine the effect of virtual reality games on mental health of girls with BMI and over 30 (obese). Method: This was a quasi-experimental study. The statistical population was all female non-literate female students of Dr. Shariati Technical and Vocational School. Twenty girls with normal BMI and 20 girls with BMI above 30 with age range of 18-20 years were selected as the sample. Each group was divided into two subgroups of control and experimental (10 persons). Tools include a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and 6 weeks of virtual reality games with his balance sheet. Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis method. Results: Virtual reality games had an impact on mental health of girls with BMI above 30 (P<0/05), but virtual reality games did not affect mental health of girls with normal BMI (P<0/05). Conclusions: Virtual reality games can be used to improve the mental health of girls with a BMI over 30 (obese).

Background: Job growth is one of the factors influencing one's behavior and decisions in the field of work. But the key question is, what are the students' career path beliefs? Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of career development beliefs of high school students. Method: This was a qualitative study. The statistical population of this study was students on the threshold of choosing one of the high schools in district 2 of Tehran. Sixteen ninth grade students were selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin method. Results: 4 open source codes on individual beliefs and 2 core codes on individual beliefs about discipline choice and job and agency were the source of career growth beliefs. Conclusions: Belief in the internal or external factor is one of the important factors that can influence one's decisions in this field.

Background: Cognitive and social development of 5-7 year-old children has a significant impact on children's lives and their future. But the key question is whether there is a difference between the social and cognitive development of 5 to 7 year olds based on parenting styles. Aims: The purpose of the present study was to compare the social and cognitive development of 5-7 year old children based on parenting styles. Method: The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population of the study included all children 5-7 years old in preschool and preschool centers in Karaj and their mothers in 2018-2019. A sample of 120 children aged 5 to 7 years and their mothers were selected using single-stage cluster random sampling. Research tools include the Color Raven Progressive Matrices Test (Deng Raven, 1947), the Wildland Social Growth Test (Edgar, 1953), and the Bamrind Parenting Practices Questionnaire (Bamrind, 1991). Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: There is a significant difference between social and cognitive development of children based on parenting styles. Conclusions: Correct parenting styles can be used for the social and cognitive development of children, and the more parents adopt a strong parenting style, the more their children's cognitive and social development will increase.

Background: The emergence of chronic physical diseases such as thalassemia causes psychological distress and decrease of resilience in the patients with thalassemia. The present study aims to prove if spirituality therapy can lead to the decrease in the psychological distress and improvement of resilience of the patients with thalassemia? Aims: Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of spirituality therapy on the psychological distress and resilience of the patients with thalassemia. Method: The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, and control-group with a two-month follow-up design. The statistical population of the present study included the patients with thalassemia in the city of Shiraz in the fourth quarter of 2018. 30 patients with thalassemia were selected through non-random voluntary and purposive sampling method and randomly replaced into experimental and control groups (15 patients in the experimental and 15 in the control group). The experimental group received ten ninety-minute spirituality therapy intervention sessions during two-and-a-half months. The applied questionnaires in this study were psychological distress questionnaire (Kesler, et. al, 2003) and resilience questionnaire (Conner and Davidson, 2003). The data from the study were analyzed through ANOVA by mixed design. Results: The results showed that spirituality therapy significantly influences psychological distress and resilience in the patients with thalassemia (P˂ 0/001). That way this treatment can reduce psychological distress and improve patient resilience. Conclusions: The findings of the present study implied that spirituality therapy can be used as an efficient therapy to decrease the psychological distress and resilience of the patients with thalassemia via techniques such as self-awareness and self-communication, altruism, forgiving the self and others, appreciation and gratefulness.

Background: Women's social health is one of the most important issues affecting women's mental and physical health. But the key question is whether there is a difference between the social health status of female and non-female caregivers. And do social supports (emotional, informational, instrumental, and evaluative) affect women's social health? Aims: To compare the effect of social support on the social health of female and non-guardian households. Method: The study was a survey. The statistical population consisted of all women heads of holy city who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The tools are: Keys Social Health Questionnaire (2004) and Researcher-Made Social Support Questionnaire (1398). The results were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: All dimensions of social health except social cohesion were above average. Among the dimensions of social support, emotional and instrumental support were above average and evaluative and informational support were below average. There was a significant relationship between variables of social support (and its four dimensions), age and education with social health of women in Mashhad (p<0/05). Education with the variables of women's social health confirmed that 47% of the variables of women's social health in Mashhad were explained by social support and education variables. Conclusions: Social support had an impact on women's social health.

Background: There have been several studies of body image and ambivalence anxiety, but the question is whether natural cognition can mediate body image anxiety based on ambivalence? Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of natural imagination in predicting anxiety based on ambivalence. Method: The study was descriptive-correlational and was performed on 130 students of Payam Noor Najafabad University who were selected by convenience sampling method. The instruments were the Toronto Natural Intelligence Scale (1994), the Ton Littletom Fear Questionnaire, Axm & Perry Questionnaire (2005), and the Ambiguity Questionnaire on King and Ammons Emotion Expressions (1990). The data were analyzed using structural equation method. Results: The indirect path coefficients between the predictor variable (emotional ambiguity) and the criterion variable (tone image anxiety) were mediated by natural unconscious mediation (p<0/05). Conclusions: Natural misconception can play a mediating role in predicting body image anxiety based on emotional ambiguity.

Background: Family functioning and attachment styles are important variables in children's behavioral problems. But the key question is, can internalization behavioral problems in students be predicted based on attachment styles and family functioning? Aims: To predict internalizing behavioral problems based on attachment styles and family functioning in elementary school students in Tehran. Method: This was a correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all elementary school students in Tehran in 1396-97 with their families, 341 (175 girls and 166 boys) using multistage cluster random sampling. Samples were selected. The tools included: of the Family Assessment Questionnaire (Epstein, Baldwin & Bishab, 1983), Child Behavior Inventory (Achenbach, 1) and Attachment Style Questionnaire (Collins & Reed, 2). Analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test and structural equations. Results: The results showed that family functioning directly and indirectly through attachment style predicts internalizing behavioral problems, and all three types of attachment styles are able to predict internalizing behavioral problems and attachment variable Safe has a negative impact on internalized behavioral problems (P≤ 0/05). Conclusions: Safe attachment and effective family functioning with empathetic behaviors and appropriate emotional involvement, protective care and positive parenting can be used to prevent internalizing disorders such as anxiety and depression.

Background: Emotional divorce and marital conflicts are the most risky factors in marital disputes. Also, psychological hardiness is an important component of personality and determines vulnerability to stress and family problems. Therefore, the question of the present study is whether psychological stubbornness can play a mediating role in the relationship between conflict control styles and emotional divorce? Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological hardiness in the relationship between conflict control styles and emotional divorce in couples. Method: The study was a correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all couples who had referred to counseling centers in Kermanshah in 1396. 200 people were selected by voluntary sampling and available as sample. Research tools are: Ahwaz Hardiness Questionnaire (1998), Conflict Resolution Control Style Questionnaire (Murray & Strauss, 1990) and Emotional Divorce Test (Razegi, Ghobari Bonab & Mazaheri, 2008). Data were analyzed using Bartlett test and structural equations. Results: The role of psychological stubbornness in relation to conflict resolution styles and emotional divorce of couples is significant. There is a significant relationship between emotional couple of (p<0/01). Conclusions: It can be said that couples with higher psychological stiffness and conflict control skills experience less emotional divorce.

Background: 'Critical thinking' is a process used to interpret and evaluate information and experiences. But the key question is, does the impact of teaching metacognitive strategies on promoting critical thinking in distance education students? Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching metacognitive strategies on promoting "critical thinking" of distance education students. Method: The research was semi-experimental with pretest and posttest design with control group. The population consisted of all distance education students of Payam-e-Noor University of Hamadan in the school year of 1997-98. Tools include the California Critical Thinking Questionnaire (Fasion & Fasion, 1990) and meta-cognitive strategies training sessions (Nadi, Battalion & Gulpur, 2011). The results were analyzed by covariance analysis. Results: Teaching metacognitive strategies was effective on students' critical thinking (P<0/01). Conclusions: Meta-cognitive strategies training can be used to increase students' critical thinking.