Estradiol and COVID-19: Does 17-Estradiol Have an Immune-Protective Function in Women Against Coronavirus?

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ZAFARI ZANGENEH FARIDEH; Sarmast Shoushtari Maryam

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: JOURNAL OF FAMILY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH Year:2021 | Volume:15 | Issue:3 Page(s): 150-159

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Information Journal Paper

Title

Estradiol and COVID-19: Does 17-Estradiol Have an Immune-Protective Function in Women Against Coronavirus?

Author(s)

ZAFARI ZANGENEH FARIDEH | Sarmast Shoushtari Maryam | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Estradiol

Estrogen Receptor Alpha

Coronavirus

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Abstract

Objective: Female sex hormones have a pro-inflammatory effect, which may help to minimize inflammation. Estrogen's immunoregulatory properties play a significant role in the bi-directional neuroendocrine-immune activity in females. As a result, sex hormones can play a role in men's high mortality rate from Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19). It is aimed to clarify the role of 17-Estradiol (E2) in the battle against COVID-19. Materials and methods: Until April 2021, a study on PubMed was performed. COVID-19, 17-Estradiol (E2), immunoregulatory properties, pregnancy, menopausal symptoms, hormonal therapy, ER/ expression on immune cells, and mortality were some of the concepts used in the search. Results: Regulation of pro-inflammatory immune processes against COVID-19 appears to be associated with increased immune function (pro-inflammatory), anti-inflammatory regulation, and antiviral defense. Women with a severe Coronavirus infection had higher serum IgG antibody levels than men, and their IgG production was faster in the early stages of infection. 17-Estradiol (E2) levels of blood will increase by 100-fold during pregnancy. COVID-19 in pregnant women had a 15-fold lower mortality rate than other women. While menopause replacement therapy (MRT) for pre/post-menopausal women and its effectiveness in reducing COVID-19 infection is debatable. Conclusion: MRT may be considered as a viable treatment option for pre/post-menopause women with Coronavirus, referring to the fact that sex hormones reduce inflammatory responses and modulate ACE2 expression. The task's difficulty and achieving the desired outcome seem to be challenging.

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APA: Copy

ZAFARI ZANGENEH, FARIDEH, & Sarmast Shoushtari, Maryam. (2021). Estradiol and COVID-19: Does 17-Estradiol Have an Immune-Protective Function in Women Against Coronavirus?. JOURNAL OF FAMILY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, 15(3), 150-159. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/1053264/en

Vancouver: Copy

ZAFARI ZANGENEH FARIDEH, Sarmast Shoushtari Maryam. Estradiol and COVID-19: Does 17-Estradiol Have an Immune-Protective Function in Women Against Coronavirus?. JOURNAL OF FAMILY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH[Internet]. 2021;15(3):150-159. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/1053264/en

IEEE: Copy

FARIDEH ZAFARI ZANGENEH, and Maryam Sarmast Shoushtari, “Estradiol and COVID-19: Does 17-Estradiol Have an Immune-Protective Function in Women Against Coronavirus?,” JOURNAL OF FAMILY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 150–159, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/1053264/en

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