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Information Journal Paper

Title

A Curriculum Based on Ethics of Care: Continuity of Maternal Role in Elementary Education

Pages

  77-104

Abstract

 Introduction The objective of this study was to evaluate elementary school curriculums in terms of the continuity of maternal role in elementary education of Iranian education system and based on the ethics of caring. Accordingly, it was tried to explore the main elements of the curriculums based on the care ethics. Methods A qualitative approach to research, and more specifically a grounded theory method were used for conducting this study. Grounded Theory involves simultaneous data collection and analysis and leads to generation of a theory which is grounded in data. The study population consisted of female parent teachers and faculty members who were specialists in elementary education. Of the study population, 37 individuals, i. e. 25 teachers and 12 faculty members, were selected based on snowball sampling method and the theoretical saturation principle. Based on the theoretical saturation principle, the researcher tried to select participants who had a deep understanding of the subject under investigation. The participants were semi-structurally interviewed and the researcher continued interviewing until data saturation reached. The collected data were then analyzed through open, axial and selective coding. In the open coding, the transcribed interviews were reviewed, and concepts and categories were identified based on their conceptual relevance. In the axial coding, further categorization was done based on factors such as the relationship between categories, characteristics of each category, data repetition, and abstractness. Some other concepts were also classified and theoretically related in form of a paradigm model by taking into account causal relationships, central categories, strategies, contexts, intervening conditions and consequences. In the selective coding, the final selection was made based on the identified concepts and codes. Here, the researcher further refined the results to extract the main category. Credibility was assessed and confirmed by participants' reviews and reviews done by non-participating experts. Findings In response to the research questions, the qualitative data was collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with participants and analyzed through the grounded theory method. The open coding process led to the extraction of a large number of features and concepts that were reviewed and revised and, based on similarities and commonalities among them, reorganized and condensed into broader categories. The data related to the elements of a curriculum based on ethics of care were presented in a table of concepts. Then, partial concepts were extracted and coded by reading the transcribed data line by line. The next step, i. e. the axial coding, involved categorization of these codes based on the identified phenomena in the data. Common concepts were grouped and each category was labeled. It was tried to make the codes proper representatives of the content of the categories which were next refined and integrated into some main categories. More specifically, the extracted features and concepts were transformed into 18 sub-categories, which were in turn classified under 8 main categories. The components of the axial coding paradigm consisted of causal conditions, as the main causative agent,the central category, as the main event to which a series of interactions are related,strategies, as specific actions that result from the central phenomenon and provide methods for dealing with the phenomenon under study,context, as a series of special features by which interaction is performed to respond to the phenomenon,intervenor conditions, as general contextual conditions that affect strategies,and consequences, as an output of hiring strategies for explaining how to design a curriculum based on care ethics. Concerning the selective coding process, the final conceptual model for an elementary school curriculum based on ethics of care and appropriate to the Iranian education system was developed. At this stage, based on the present researcher's understanding of the text of the studied phenomenon, the paradigm model of the axial coding stage was refined, the hidden relationships between the categories in the model were presented, and a model of the central phenomenon was designed in the form of a set of propositions or sub-propositions. Here, the researcher, provided the final conceptual model by drawing from her own educational experiences and understanding of the central phenomenon of the axial coding paradigm, i. e. the content, benefitting from the existing theoretical literature, re-interviewing research participants, and finally through receiving corrective opinions of experts and university professors. Discussion Based on the findings, a model was developed for an elementary school curriculum based on ethics of care and with a focus on the components of needs and goals, content, learning-retention methods, teachers' role, evaluation, communication skills, implicit learning, and educational outcomes.

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    APA: Copy

    Tajari, Tayebeh. (2021). A Curriculum Based on Ethics of Care: Continuity of Maternal Role in Elementary Education. CURRICULUM RESEARCH, 11(1 (21) ), 77-104. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/1061346/en

    Vancouver: Copy

    Tajari Tayebeh. A Curriculum Based on Ethics of Care: Continuity of Maternal Role in Elementary Education. CURRICULUM RESEARCH[Internet]. 2021;11(1 (21) ):77-104. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/1061346/en

    IEEE: Copy

    Tayebeh Tajari, “A Curriculum Based on Ethics of Care: Continuity of Maternal Role in Elementary Education,” CURRICULUM RESEARCH, vol. 11, no. 1 (21) , pp. 77–104, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/1061346/en

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