Implications of Complement Imbalance in COVID-19: A Molecular Mechanistic Discussion on the Importance of Complement Balance

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Torabizadeh Mehdi; Modaresi Asfeh Helia; Deris Zayeri Zeinab; Dominiqiue Cerdan; Kazemi Hashem; SAKI NAJMALDIN

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Journal Paper

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Journal: Iranian Journal of Immunology Year:2023 | Volume:20 | Issue:3 Page(s): 247-261

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Title

Implications of Complement Imbalance in COVID-19: A Molecular Mechanistic Discussion on the Importance of Complement Balance

Author(s)

Keywords

Complement System Proteins

Complement Inactivating Agents

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Abstract

Two central questions in COVID-19 treatment which should be considered are: “, How does the imbalance of the complement system affect the therapeutic approaches? ”,and “, Do we consider complement inhibitors in therapeutic protocols? “, . The complement system is a double-edged sword since it may either promote immune responses against COVID-19 or contribute to destructive inflammation in the host. Therefore, it is crucial to regulate this system with complement inhibitors. In this manuscript, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of complement and complement inhibitors in COVID-19 patients. We searched the terms “, COVID-19”, , “, Complement”, , “, Complement inhibitor”, , “, SARSCoV-2”, , and all complement fragments and inhibitors from 2000 to 2022 in PubMed and google scholar and checked the pathways in “, KEGG pathway database”, . Complement is not well-appreciated in the treatment protocols despite its multiple roles in the disease, and most of the preventive anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches did not include a complement inhibitor in COVID-19 therapeutic protocols. In this review article, we discussed the most recent studies regarding complement components mediated interventions and the mechanism of these interventions in COVID-19 patients. Since the control of the complement system overactivation is associated with a better prognosis in the initial stages of COVID-19, heparin, anti-thrombin, C1-inhibitor, montelukast, and hydralazine can be effective in the initial stages of this viral infection. Recombinant complement activation (RCA) proteins are more effective in regulating complement compared to terminal pathway therapeutic approaches such as the C3a and C5a inhibitors.

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APA: Copy

Torabizadeh, Mehdi, Modaresi Asfeh, Helia, Deris Zayeri, Zeinab, Dominiqiue, Cerdan, Kazemi, Hashem, & SAKI, NAJMALDIN. (2023). Implications of Complement Imbalance in COVID-19: A Molecular Mechanistic Discussion on the Importance of Complement Balance. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (IJI), 20(3), 247-261. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/1145609/en

Vancouver: Copy

Torabizadeh Mehdi, Modaresi Asfeh Helia, Deris Zayeri Zeinab, Dominiqiue Cerdan, Kazemi Hashem, SAKI NAJMALDIN. Implications of Complement Imbalance in COVID-19: A Molecular Mechanistic Discussion on the Importance of Complement Balance. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (IJI)[Internet]. 2023;20(3):247-261. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/1145609/en

IEEE: Copy

Mehdi Torabizadeh, Helia Modaresi Asfeh, Zeinab Deris Zayeri, Cerdan Dominiqiue, Hashem Kazemi, and NAJMALDIN SAKI, “Implications of Complement Imbalance in COVID-19: A Molecular Mechanistic Discussion on the Importance of Complement Balance,” IRANIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (IJI), vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 247–261, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/1145609/en

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