Decline of Deference / Reduction of Submission: Generational Relations of Generation Z Based on a Meta-Synthesis

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Ahmadi Yaghoub; Karimi Nina

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: Iranian Journal of Sociology Year:2025 | Volume:25 | Issue:2 Page(s): 5-34

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Title

Decline of Deference / Reduction of Submission: Generational Relations of Generation Z Based on a Meta-Synthesis

Author(s)

Ahmadi Yaghoub | Karimi Nina | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Generation Z

Generational gap

Generational Divergence

Generational Transition

society

Governance

Abstract

The widespread and sudden emergence of Generation Z in recent protests and movements in Iran, particularly in the Woman, Life, Freedom movement, has drawn the attention of policymakers and researchers to this generation. The characteristics and distinctions of Generation Z compared to other generations in Iran have become a key question for scholars, intellectuals, and even politicians.Using the meta-synthesis method, this study examines, analyzes, and integrates various findings from credible scientific articles on Generation Z published over the past decade (2011–2024) to present a clear and well-founded picture of the differences and similarities of this generation in terms of values and perspectives.The study’s findings, based on categorization and extraction of codes and concepts, identify distinct characteristics of Generation Z in four areas: family, religion, workplace, and politics. These findings form the central theme of this study: Decline of Compliance / Reduction of Submission, referring to the diminishing respect for authority across all four domains—family, religion, politics, and professional environments.In the family domain, the decline in respect for authority is reflected in critiques of patriarchy and a stronger sense of identity independence. In politics and the workplace, it manifests as distrust of institutions. In the religious sphere, disenchantment and rejection of tradition are the key concepts that best describe the characteristics and distinctions of Generation Z in contemporary Iran.Based on the analysis of existing research on Generation Z’s generational relations with preceding generations, two perspectives—continuity and disillusionment—can be considered. This suggests a relationship with parents that is both conciliatory and distinct, while tensions exist with the ideological and revolutionary generation that shaped the dominant discourse.

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