A Comprehensive Review of Biomarkers for Key Neurological Diseases

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valilu Mohammad Reza; Mehran Shiva; Mosarrezaii Arash; Mahmodi Someieh; Gholinejad Zafar

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam Year:2024 | Volume:12 | Issue:2 Page(s): 102-113

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Information Journal Paper

Title

A Comprehensive Review of Biomarkers for Key Neurological Diseases

Author(s)

Keywords

Inflammation Mediators

Oxidative Stress

Nervous System Diseases

MicroRNAs

Abstract

Introduction: The central nervous system and peripheral nerves are vital organs in living beings that constitute the most protected structures of the body. Neurological diseases exhibit diverse pathogenesis, mirrored by a wide array of relevant biomarkers. These biomarkers involve inflammation, Oxidative Stress, metabolic and genetic irregularities, and pharmaceutical influences. In this review, we introduce the concept of biomarkers and their classifications and provide a comprehensive review of the latest research findings on the most significant and prevalent biomarkers associated with neurological diseases. Oxidative Stress biomarkers and Inflammation Mediators are the most common biomarkers in neurological diseases. MicroRNAs are the new molecular biomarker that helps the diagnosis and prognosis. Conclusion: Current knowledge has not been able to provide a biomarker with acceptable sensitivity and specificity in neurological diseases in most cases. The Oxidative Stress molecules are the most important in almost all brain and nerve diseases.

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