The evolution of the habits of the secular intellectual field in the face of modernity and the West

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poorzaki giti

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: RESEARCH IN THEORETICAL POLITICS Year:2024 | Volume:19 | Issue:36 Page(s): 231-257

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Title

The evolution of the habits of the secular intellectual field in the face of modernity and the West

Author(s)

poorzaki giti | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Intellectuals

secular intellectuals

discursive market

Bourdieu

transformation of habitus in the intellectual field

Abstract

Most serious studies and sources on how secular intellectuals have responded to modernity and the West either do not pay significant attention to the evolution of their perspectives over contemporary history or assume that their habitus and discursive productions have remained largely unchanged. However, a closer examination reveals that, in different periods of contemporary history, these transformed discursive products have at times drawn closer to religious intellectuals and at other times moved away from them. Studying these fluctuations can shed new light on historical transformations and the role of intellectuals in mobilizing the public politically. Accordingly, the central question of this research is: What transformations have occurred in the discursive products produced within the field of secular intellectualism in response to the West from the Constitutional Revolution to the post-Islamic Revolution period? The study's findings indicate that, during the Constitutional era, secular intellectuals generally viewed the West and modernity with a sense of astonishment and later admiration, considering imitation—and ultimately replication of the West—as the solution to Iran’s underdevelopment. However, due to empirical, historical, and cognitive factors, this positive perspective toward the West and modernity shifted in the 1960s and 1970s. During this period, a significant segment of secular intellectuals, by moving closer to religious intellectuals, played a crucial role in reconstructing the field of tradition and religion. Following the Revolution, however, this dynamic gradually shifted again, as religious intellectuals increasingly moved toward secularization and even approached secular intellectualism. This study employs Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of practice and his structuration methodology as its theoretical and methodological framework.

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