Analysis of the Effect of Absolute Silence in the Ratification of Unauthorized Contract with a View of Iranian Law, Jurisprudence, and French Law

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Zakerinia Hanieh; Firouzi Mahmoud; Mahmoudi Farshad

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: CIVIL LAW KNOWLEDGE Year:2024 | Volume:13 | Issue:26 Page(s): 105-120

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Information Journal Paper

Title

Analysis of the Effect of Absolute Silence in the Ratification of Unauthorized Contract with a View of Iranian Law, Jurisprudence, and French Law

Author(s)

Zakerinia Hanieh | Firouzi Mahmoud | Mahmoudi Farshad | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Ratification

Rejection

Silence

Unauthorized Contract

will

Abstract

The ratification of the unauthorized contract is subject to the owner's will, and the will is the inclination and desire to perform. Understandability is a characteristic of will. Thus, for a will to have legal effects, it needs to be expressed. The same applies to the owner's will to ratify or reject the unauthorized contract, which the civil code has also emphasized and considered positive behavior and action necessary for its ratification or rejection. However, in many cases, we are faced with the owner's silence or omission. Silence can be considered an expression of will not only when accompanied by evidence and clues, but also in the absence of any evidence or clues, and its recognition requires the drawing of criteria. In this article, by analyzing and interpreting texts and content, examining library sources, and looking at objective problems, we support this idea that the owner's mere silence or omission, knowing the conclusion of the contract, and having the opportunity and time to express his opinion about the contract, even if there is no evidence accompanying his silence, can indicate the owner's will to ratify the contract.

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