Definition of electronic literature and suggestion of a term

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Atri Atefe; Fotouhi Roudmajani Mahmoud; Anabestani Morteza

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: LITERARY CRITICISM Year:2025 | Volume:18 | Issue:69 Page(s): 160-193

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Information Journal Paper

Title

Definition of electronic literature and suggestion of a term

Author(s)

Atri Atefe | Fotouhi Roudmajani Mahmoud | Anabestani Morteza | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Artificial intelligence

Codabiyât

code

digital humanities

digital literature

electronic literature

multimedia art

Abstract

This article seeks to explore the emerging term commonly referred to in Persian-speaking contexts as Electronic/Digital Literature. By examining some of its core characteristics—such as interactivity, multimediality, reliance on computational processes, and nonlinearity and hard-to-navigate structures—it aims to provide a concrete understanding of the phenomenon. Over recent decades, due to evolving theoretical frameworks, defining electronic literature has become a complex endeavor. This article outlines five developmental phases: (1) the emergence of hypertext and initial concepts (early 1990s–2000), (2) Aarseth’s ergodic theory and the role of interaction (late 1990s–2000), (3) Kirschenbaum and the materiality of electronic texts, Hayles and the literary (2000–2010), (4) the rise of interactive storytelling and gamification (2010–present), and (5) the challenge of definition in the age of artificial intelligence). Through this historical lens, the article revisits the work of prominent scholars in the field and ultimately offers a clarifying definition of electronic literature. Additionally, the article argues against the literal Persian translation of Electronic Literature (adabiyât-e elektronik) due to its semantic ambiguity, and instead proposes the coined term codabiyât (“CodeLiterature”) as a more accurate and contextually meaningful alternative.

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