Kant's transcendental idealism as a condition for the possibility of Durkheim's positivist social science

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Talebzade Seyed Hamid; Mousavi Asl Seyed Saeid

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: FALSAFE-YE ELM (PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE) Year:2024 | Volume:14 | Issue:1 Page(s): 99-124

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Title

Kant's transcendental idealism as a condition for the possibility of Durkheim's positivist social science

Author(s)

Talebzade Seyed Hamid | Mousavi Asl Seyed Saeid | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

idealism

transcendence

Kant

Positivism

Durkheim

Representation

Abstract

Emile Durkheim's positivist sociology can be understood within the framework of Kant's transcendental idealism, contrary to the common misconception in our scientific community that Durkheim's positivism is merely an extension of empiricism. Durkheim critiques empiricism and the narratives of British positivism, while simultaneously formulating the subject of sociology—social reality—under the concept of "collective representation." The notion of "representation" is rooted in the Copernican revolution and Kant's transcendental idealism. Influenced by the 19th-century French neo-Kantian philosopher Renouvier, Durkheim considers the concept of representation as foundational to sociological knowledge. Thus, Durkheim's positivism emphasizes not just the empirical approach, but also the experiential context within the Kantian framework. The objectivity of Durkheim's sociology is realized through the process of positioning in the Kantian sense.

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