Effect of attentional focus instructions on spatial memory in children

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Mirakhori Fatemeh; ARABAMERI ELAHEH; BAGHERZADEH FAZLOLLAH; HEMAYATTALAB RASOOL

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Journal: Journal of Sports and Motor Development and Learning Year:2020 | Volume:12 | Issue:1 Page(s): 15-30

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Title

Effect of attentional focus instructions on spatial memory in children

Author(s)

Mirakhori Fatemeh | ARABAMERI ELAHEH | BAGHERZADEH FAZLOLLAH | HEMAYATTALAB RASOOL | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

External attentionQ2

internal attentionQ2

linear movement apparatusQ1

spatial memoryQ1

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of attentional focus instructions on spatial memory in children. Thirty girl students with the mean age from 7 to 12 years were selected by convenience sampling from elementary schools in Tehran. Participants were randomly divided into three attentional focus groups (internal, external, control). Participants in the internal focus group were asked to focus their attention on the movements of their hand, whereas participants in the external focus group were asked to focus their attention to the movement path and target. Control group participants received no focus instructions. Children participated in the practice (a total of 50 trials), acquisition, retention, and transfer phases. Acquisition phase lasted five consecutive days. The instrument used for measuring spatial memory was linear movement apparatus (LM-01 model). Analysis of Covariance and Bonferoni tests were used at p <0. 05 level. The results of Covariance were significant in all acquisition (p=0/005), retention (p=0/000) and transfer (p=0/003) tests. Based on Bonferroni test results, external focus group performed better than both internal focus and control groups. However, internal focus and control groups had no significant difference. According to the results of this study, the benefits of external focus on children was higher than internal focus.

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APA: Copy

Mirakhori, Fatemeh, ARABAMERI, ELAHEH, BAGHERZADEH, FAZLOLLAH, & HEMAYATTALAB, RASOOL. (2020). Effect of attentional focus instructions on spatial memory in children. DEVELOPMENT AND MOTOR LEARNING (HARAKAT), 12(1 ), 15-30. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/159398/en

Vancouver: Copy

Mirakhori Fatemeh, ARABAMERI ELAHEH, BAGHERZADEH FAZLOLLAH, HEMAYATTALAB RASOOL. Effect of attentional focus instructions on spatial memory in children. DEVELOPMENT AND MOTOR LEARNING (HARAKAT)[Internet]. 2020;12(1 ):15-30. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/159398/en

IEEE: Copy

Fatemeh Mirakhori, ELAHEH ARABAMERI, FAZLOLLAH BAGHERZADEH, and RASOOL HEMAYATTALAB, “Effect of attentional focus instructions on spatial memory in children,” DEVELOPMENT AND MOTOR LEARNING (HARAKAT), vol. 12, no. 1 , pp. 15–30, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/159398/en

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