Comparative Analysis of the Obligatory Prayer (Ṣalāt) in Islam and Judaism

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Kavand Alireza; Esmaeili Sayed Mohammad

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: JOURNAL OF INTERRELIGIOUS STUDIES ON THE QUR'AN AND THE BIBLE Year:2025 | Volume:2 | Issue:1 Page(s): 31-64

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Title

Comparative Analysis of the Obligatory Prayer (Ṣalāt) in Islam and Judaism

Author(s)

Kavand Alireza | Esmaeili Sayed Mohammad | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

prayer

Judaism

Ruku. Sujud

Abstract

Prayer (Ṣalāt) is one of the pillars of Islam. This research aims to introduce prayer in Judaism and Islam, compare them, and articulate the similarities and differences. A descriptive-inductive method was employed, examining the Torah texts related to the features of prayer in Judaism. Furthermore, contemporary practices of prayer among Jews were collected and compared with the features of prayer in Islam. The findings show that prayer in Judaism does not derive its legitimacy from the Holy Scriptures but has undergone changes over time and remains subject to further modification. Also, the form of prayer in Judaism differs from that in Islam; Islam's prayer includes standing (Qīyām), bowing (Rukūʻ), prostration (Sujūd), ritual purity (Ṭahārah), and a direction of prayer (Qiblah), while Judaism has no fixed form. Although bowing is more common among Jews, it is entirely optional, and a condition like ritual purity before prayer, which is essential in Islam, does not exist in Judaism.

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