cyber Law and Regulatory Challenges of Hybrid Cyber Attacks Against Critical Infrastructures

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Mirdamadi Asl Kamran

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: JOURNAL OF CYBER LAW Year:2025 | Volume:2 | Issue:1 Page(s): 82-94

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Information Journal Paper

Title

cyber Law and Regulatory Challenges of Hybrid Cyber Attacks Against Critical Infrastructures

Author(s)

Mirdamadi Asl Kamran | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Cyber Law

Hybrid attacks

Critical infrastructures

Regulation

Cybersecurity

Abstract

Cyber law has become a fundamental pillar of national security and the protection of critical infrastructures in the digital age. A central question in this domain is how legal and regulatory frameworks can address hybrid cyber attacks that simultaneously target technical, human, and economic aspects of critical systems. The importance of studying this issue stems from the potentially widespread destructive impacts of such attacks on national security, economy, and society, and the existing legal gaps complicating effective response. This article aims to identify the legal and regulatory challenges in countering hybrid cyber attacks against critical infrastructures and to propose mechanisms for improving governance frameworks. The research method is descriptive–analytical and based on documentary analysis, including the review of national and international laws, cybersecurity reports, and case studies of recent attacks. The findings indicate that major challenges include the lack of a harmonized legal framework, limitations in international cooperation, the complexity of defining hybrid attacks, and weaknesses in oversight and preventive capacities. Furthermore, the article presents innovative legal and policy solutions to enhance the protection of critical infrastructures against hybrid cyber threats. The results can inform the development of proactive policies and comprehensive cyber law regulations at national and regional levels, shedding light on new dimensions of governance and responses to complex cyber threats.

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