Constructing the Meaning of Spatial Exclusion: In the Conflict between Hope and Despair

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Khajeh Salehani Afsaneh; Ghazinejad Maryam; Azade Mansureh Aazam

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT (RURAL AND URBAN) Year:2025 | Volume:17 | Issue:1 Page(s): 163-182

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Title

Constructing the Meaning of Spatial Exclusion: In the Conflict between Hope and Despair

Author(s)

Khajeh Salehani Afsaneh | Ghazinejad Maryam | Azade Mansureh Aazam | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Pakdasht

spatial exclusion

spatial stigma

Social Hope/Despair

Thematic analysis

Youth

Abstract

Urbanizing peripheries present a multifaceted challenge of spatial exclusion, which is influenced by individual responses and structural constraints. This paper investigates the manner in which spatial exclusion is perceived and navigated by youth (18–35) in Pakdasht, as well as its impact on their social pathways. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed thematically (Braun & Clarke). The framework is informed by Goffman’s stigma, Harvey’s spatial poverty, and theories of agency and social hope (Lueck, Bryant, & Ellard).The results indicate that exclusion is exacerbated by urban poverty, informal migrant settlements, deviance labels, inadequate infrastructure, and place-based stigma. These feelings of isolation and marginality are further exacerbated. However, the responses of young people are diverse: some internalize this marginality, while others resist by establishing new identities or remaining optimistic about their future success.The research underscores the necessity of multi-level action to address spatial exclusion in peri-urban fringes. This includes the development of inclusive urban-rural policies that address the socio-economic and cultural realities of young people, the reduction of despondency, and the enhancement of youth agency. These measures should reduce structural gaps, fight stigma, and empower local communities in planning.In conclusion, spatial exclusion in Pakdasht is not a static phenomenon; it is both reproduced through place-based inequalities and stigma and contested by youth resilience. It is essential to acknowledge the diverse strategies of young people, which range from surrender to resistance and hope, in order to develop more responsive rural-urban development plans. This research contributes to peri-urban studies by demonstrating how marginal spaces influence and are influenced by the agency and aspirations of youth.

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