Rulings on women’s Iʿtikāf in Islamic jurisprudence

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Rosatmi Pardis; Rostami Soheila; Hafidi Wrya

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: JURISPRUDENCE AND FUNDAMENTALS OF ISLAMIC LAW Year:2025 | Volume:58 | Issue:1 Page(s): 235-258

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Information Journal Paper

Title

Rulings on women’s Iʿtikāf in Islamic jurisprudence

Author(s)

Rosatmi Pardis | Rostami Soheila | Hafidi Wrya | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Iʿtikāf

Women

Place of Iʿtikāf

husband's permission

Nullifiers (actions that invalidate Iʿtikāf)

Abstract

Iʿtikāf is an Islamic practice consisting of staying in a mosque for a certain number of days. It has a profound effect on spiritual purification and mental tranquility. This form of worship existed in previous religions and has been affirmed and emphasized in Islam. Most rulings on Iʿtikāf are common between men and women, though Islamic jurisprudential schools differ on certain aspects, such as the impact of gender on the location of women’s Iʿtikāf, the necessity of a husband’s permission for the validity of a wife’s Iʿtikāf, and the ruling on combining Iddah with Iʿtikāf. The present article employs a descriptive-analytical method, utilizing library and documentary sources, to conduct a comparative study of the rulings on women's specific Iʿtikāf in Islamic jurisprudence. An examination of jurisprudential perspectives reveals that the preponderant opinion regarding the place of Iʿtikāf for women is that it should be performed in a mosque, although the Hanafis consider Iʿtikāf at home to be preferable for women. Given that Friday prayers are not obligatory for women, the mosque’s status as a congregational mosque (jāmiʿ) is not a condition for the validity of their Iʿtikāf. From a jurisprudential standpoint, married women must obtain their husband's permission. In cases where a woman's waiting period (ʿIddah) coincides with Iʿtikāf, jurists have presented two views: either completing the Iʿtikāf first or then observing the ‘Iddah at home, or vice versa. Menstruation and postpartum bleeding nullify a woman's Iʿtikāf, but after they end, she may return to the mosque and resume her Iʿtikāf, provided the necessary conditions are met. However, irregular bleeding (Istihazah) does not invalidate Iʿtikāf.

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