Component Analysis of the Illegal Handmade Pills and Capsules for Self-Medicating Substance Dependence in Tehran, Iran

Q: How can I download an article?

To download an article from SID, first log in to the site, search for the article title, and click on the 'Download Article' option.

Q: How can I download an ISI article?

To download an ISI article on SID, enter the keyword or article title in the search bar, view the relevant results, click on the desired article, and select the 'Download Article' option.

Q: How can I access the SID database?

To access the SID database, visit SID.ir, create an account, and log in to access scientific resources.

Q: Is downloading articles from SID free?

Some articles on SID are available for free, while others require payment. Details are specified on the article's page.

KHODDAMI VISHTEH HAMID REZA; NARENJIHA HOOMAN; NOORI ROYA; Olyaei Azadeh; Fard Sanei Afsaneh; FEKRI MONIR; FARHOUDIAN ALI

Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: Addiction and Health Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:1 Page(s): 17-23

Download Full-Text

مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

Persian Verion

View:

352

Download:

140

Cites:

Information Journal Paper

Title

Component Analysis of the Illegal Handmade Pills and Capsules for Self-Medicating Substance Dependence in Tehran, Iran

Author(s)

Keywords

Substance withdrawalQ2

Herbal medicineQ1

DragonQ1

Component analysisQ1

High-performance liquid chromatographyQ1

Abstract

Background: To self-medicate substance dependence, many substance users consume Herbal medicines delivered in Herbal medicine shops which are prepared through non-standard methods using a variety of different materials. Hence, the present study was carried out aiming to investigate and analyze the content of such Herbal medicines. Methods: Four Herbal medicine shops were selected from each of the 22 zones of Tehran City, Iran, and a total of 95 samples were purchased. A package containing 6 types of medication that was advertised by a satellite TV channel, was also purchased. Using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, the samples were analyzed in the laboratory to detect different types of materials. Findings: Among the samples, 23 and 72 samples were uncovered compressed pills (Dragon pills) and capsules filled with colored powders (handmade self-medicating substance dependence capsules), respectively. The package advertised in the satellite TV was prepared in 6 various forms. The most common substances present in all the samples were as follows: diphenoxylate, tramadol, opioids, acetaminophen, and codeine with values of 90%, 86%, 78%, 69%, and 68%, respectively. On average, 5 of the above mentioned substances were present in each sample; moreover, 63% of the samples contained 5 or more substances. In addition, 42 (41%) of the samples contained all the 5 main substances including opioids, codeine, tramadol, diphenoxylate, and acetaminophen. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that handmade capsules and pills used for self-medicating substance dependence and also medicines advertised in the satellite TV channels contain different amounts of opioids, amphetamine, benzodiazepines, tramadol, codeine, and other substances that cause problems for substance users who are going to abandon substance abuse.

Cites

No record.

References

No record.

Cite

APA: Copy

KHODDAMI VISHTEH, HAMID REZA, NARENJIHA, HOOMAN, NOORI, ROYA, Olyaei, Azadeh, Fard Sanei, Afsaneh, FEKRI, MONIR, & FARHOUDIAN, ALI. (2018). Component Analysis of the Illegal Handmade Pills and Capsules for Self-Medicating Substance Dependence in Tehran, Iran. ADDICTION AND HEALTH, 10(1 ), 17-23. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/194328/en

Vancouver: Copy

KHODDAMI VISHTEH HAMID REZA, NARENJIHA HOOMAN, NOORI ROYA, Olyaei Azadeh, Fard Sanei Afsaneh, FEKRI MONIR, FARHOUDIAN ALI. Component Analysis of the Illegal Handmade Pills and Capsules for Self-Medicating Substance Dependence in Tehran, Iran. ADDICTION AND HEALTH[Internet]. 2018;10(1 ):17-23. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/194328/en

IEEE: Copy

HAMID REZA KHODDAMI VISHTEH, HOOMAN NARENJIHA, ROYA NOORI, Azadeh Olyaei, Afsaneh Fard Sanei, MONIR FEKRI, and ALI FARHOUDIAN, “Component Analysis of the Illegal Handmade Pills and Capsules for Self-Medicating Substance Dependence in Tehran, Iran,” ADDICTION AND HEALTH, vol. 10, no. 1 , pp. 17–23, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/194328/en

Related Journal Papers